Hi, Bluejay (I'm replying to myself).
Bluejay writes:
What sorts of criteria do archaeologists and anthropologists use to determine if a given piece of rock is, e.g., an arrowhead, rather than just a broken rock?
I have an idea or two to add here.
There are situational clues that make intelligent design a plausible explanation in certain situations. Stone-flake objects (tools) are found in the spatio-temporal vicinity of human/hominid remains. In addition, humans/hominids are clearly capable of the hammering, flaking or carving motions that would produce the objects.
These situational clues form the basic reasoning that leads to the "archaeological hypothesis of intelligent design." This means that they provide a reason to bring the intelligent design hypothesis to the table.
From there, we can see how stone tools fit within the continuum of human technological development that archaeologists and historians have documented. This increases the plausibility of the intelligent design explanation.
I still have a series of questions, though:
Are there non-design processes that can shape rocks in similar ways to human manufacture?
If so, how do archaeologists decide which hypothesis (design or non-design) is better?
If not, are they basing their conclusion on the absence of alternatives? Is this scientific?
More importantly, do IDists do this too? What distinguishes what they do from what archaeologists do?
-Bluejay (a.k.a. Mantis, Thylacosmilus)
Darwin loves you.