"Domain shuffling aside, it remains a mystery how the undirected process of mutation, combined with natural selection, has resulted in the creation of thousands of new proteins with extraordinarily diverse and well-optimized functions.
It's not really a mystery. As TalkOrigins says:
quote:
Functional sequences are not so rare and isolated. Experiments show that roughly 1 in 1011 of all random-sequence proteins have ATP-binding activity [Keefe and Szostak 2001], and theoretical work by Yockey [1992, 326-330] shows that, at this density, all functional sequences are connected by single amino acid changes. Furthermore, there are several kinds of mutations which change multiple amino acids at once.
Emphasis added by me. Even Denton agrees that there's no mystery to novel protein function:
quote:
"One of the most surprising discoveries which has arisen from DNA sequencing has been the remarkable finding that the genomes of all organisms are clustered very close together in a tiny region of DNA sequence space forming a tree of related sequences that can all be interconverted via a series of tiny incremental natural steps."
Sorry for the quote fest but you didn't really give me much of your own to go on. Try making arguments in your own words, using quotes to illustrate and support, not as the body of your message.
This is an important quote, because it shows the evolutionist argument of 'people having 98% the same DNA as a chimp' (we don't) to be without scientific merit.
No, all it shows is that, if it's true, banana cells and human cells employ half of the same protein products. That's all genes do, after all - generate proteins, or control the generation of proteins.
We do, in fact, share 98% (or more) of our genes with chimpanzees; most relevant to evolution, we share a number of nonfunctional sequences in the "junk" reigons of the DNA. Just like several identical errors between two people's homework assignments tell you that they cheated off of the same source, these identical plagarized errors in our DNA and theirs conclusively substantiates our common ancestry.