I read something (but where I don't know....) in the last few months that also pointed toward a major upset in ocean water chemistry around that time - calcium carbonate solubility declined, allowing shells to be more stable. It would have to be a pH and/or bicarbonate level thing, but all I have is a vague recollection...I hate it when I do that.
Cassette mutagenesis experiments show that proteins can tolerate amino acid substitutions at one or two sites, but more than that usually results in loss of function.
Cytochrome c differs by 10 amino acids, IIRC, between humans and horses, and by 30+ between humans and yeast. It functions in all of those. Hemoglobin is pretty variable too, methinks.