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Author | Topic: A critique of moral relativism | |||||||||||||||||||
Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
ikabod responds to me:
quote: It wouldn't be very useful if it didn't.
quote: No. You're equivocating. You're confusing "absolute" as regards to physical reality with "absolute" as regards to a personal philosophy.
quote: Just as I have been saying all along: There are no people who are true moral absolutists. Everyone is a relativist. If you examine what they do, you find that they tailor their opinions as to what is right and wrong, good and bad according to the situation in which they find themselves.
quote: Huh? Unless you're being facile, this statement makes no sense. "Believe" in religions? Religions are an objective reality. You don't "believe" in things that are objective. Otherwise, you're trying to say that people who are defined by the trait of being without religion actually have a religion, which is illogical. Or perhaps you are just being disingenuous and are defining the word "religion" so broadly as to make it useless.
quote: (*chuckle*) What on earth do you think politics is except a battle of philosophies? Are you saying that politics is religion? I'm starting to think that your definition of "religion" is meaningless.
quote: Except the mere existence of atheists proves that claim false. Or are you saying there are no atheists? Considering that it appears your definition of "religion" is meaningless, I wouldn't be surprised to hear you say yes. Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
ikabod responds to me:
quote: Now you're equivocating. You're equating the idea of a "moral absolute" with the idea of "morality," in general. The two are not the same thing. You can have a morality that covers everything that is not absolute. After all, your morality should be able to handle anything that comes along. Whether or not something is right or wrong will depend upon the situation, but it should be able to handle all somethings that come come along.
quote: What does that have to do with anything? Are you saying unless it can be reduced to a physical measurement, it doesn't exist?
quote: But they don't exist.
quote: Ahem, argumentum ad thesaurus is not an actual argument. You do realize that words have multiple meanings and what allows you to understand which particular meaning is being implied is through the use of context, yes? Otherwise, you engage in the logical error of equivocation. It's what creationists do when they claim that evolution is "just a theory." After all, the dictionary definition of "theory" is "educated guess," but that isn't what scientists mean when they use the word "theory." And that's what you're doing with the word "religion." Since "religion" can mean "passionate adherence," you are left saying that football is just as much a "religion" as Catholicism since there are people who are just as passionate about football as there are about Catholicism. In fact, we even say that there are people who follow football "like a religion."
quote: Which means that your definition of "religion" is so broad as to be meaningless. Edited by Rrhain, : Fixed some spelling errors. Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
ikabod responds to me:
quote: That'd depend on their code. I've given certain examples previously, but not everybody who is an absolutist agrees with the specific method of relativism. There is no absolute method of relativism. And you didn't answer my question: Are you saying unless it can be reduced to a physical measurement, it doesn't exist? Yes or no.
quote: Same problem as before: Define what you mean by "theory." When science uses it, it doesn't mean "educated guess." Is that what you mean by "theory"? Is "theory" just as nebulous a term for you as "religion"?
quote: Huh? Nice try, but you're shifting the burden of proof. You're the one making "religion" a meaningless term by having any stray thought that is felt with any sense of conviction a "religion." Philosophy is not religion, though religion is a kind of philosophy. You do understand why this is, right? Hint: All squares are rectangles but not all rectangles are squares. My definition of the term "religion" is the standard one. It is why it includes such things as Catholicism, paganism, and Buddhism but excludes football and atheism. Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
ikabod responds to me:
quote: And why is that problematic? That's my very point: There are no absolutists in reality. Oh, they may claim to be so, but since we can tell by their behaviour that they actually think that ciricumstances will alter the opinion of whether or not an act is good or bad, then we can know that they aren't. If you can't follow your own code, then you don't believe in it. The part you're seemingly forgetting is that there is no sense of remorse on the part of the person breaking their own code. If you think that killing is wrong and you kill someone, the question of whether or not you are following your own code comes in what happens afterward: Do you feel guilty about it or do you think you were justified? If you think you were justified, then you clearly don't believe in the absolute of "killing is wrong" since there is clearly at least one case where you think it is not wrong. Oh, you might think it sad that it had to come to that, but that is not the same as thinking it is wrong. And if we examine people, we find that they do this regarding their own "absolute" code all the time. They break it and they don't feel bad about having broken their own code. Why? Because they don't really believe what they say they do. They aren't absolutists. They are relativists.
quote: That doesn't answer the question. It was very simple and direct: When you say, "theory," do you mean, "educated guess"? If so, that isn't what science means when it says, "theory." And thus, we have the same problem with regard to the word "religion": You're equivocating the word so that anything and everything is a "religion" and thus the term loses all usefulness.
quote: But morality and atheism aren't religions. The former does not require the concept of supranormal activity and the latter can't even relate to the concept of such a thing. And thus, you are defining the term "religion" so broadly that it is worthless. Since everything is a "religion" by your definition, then there is no point in even using the term since it doesn't actually describe anything.
quote: Ahem. One of the defining characteristics of atheism is the lack of belief. That's the entire point. Ergo, atheism cannot be a "religion" by your definition. And since atheists have morality, then it must necessarily also be the case that morality is not necessarily bound to belief and, ergo, is not a "religion," by your definition. Congratulations. You just showed yourself to be wrong.
quote: Incorrect. If there were no theists, do you think anybody would go around declaiming, "I don't believe in god"? With no concept of "god" to react to, why would anybody waste any thoughts upon pointing out they did not react to something that nobody even considers? Atheism is not the zero of the scale. It is the absence of the scale. You are once again shifting the burden of proof.
quote: Something else, obviously. That's the point: You can't make any solid decisions without knowing the scenario in which the decision is to be made.
quote: Non sequitur. Please rephrase. Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
ikabod responds to me:
quote:quote: Huh? How does that follow. Just because morality and truth and freedom and justice and human rights and good and bad are relative doesn't mean they don't exist. To bring up my Monopoly example again: The rules of Monopoly are completely arbitrary and relative. There is a common house rule that any money collected from Chance and Community Chest cards is placed on Free Parking. If you land on that square, you get any money that is there. This rule has become so popular that it is now included as an official variant. But just because that rule is relative to the game in which your playing doesn't mean the rule doesn't exist.
quote: Then there are no absolutists. All are relativists. Thank you for finally stating something directly.
quote: Simple observation. Do they say one thing and then do another while declaiming that they have no remorse? I don't have to read their minds or do anything more than simply watch and observe. Someone who says one thing, does another, and does not have remorse does not actually believe what he says. Or do we now need to add "believe" to your list of words that are meaningless?
quote: Because when I asked you in a simple, straightforward manner, you responded with obfuscation.
quote: Because we are not naive and understand the phrasings of English as spoken by native speakers. Yes, evolution is a theory. It is also a fact. You cannot have a theory without a fact to base it upon. That is why we call it the theory OF evolution. The theory OF evolution seeks to explain the FACT of evolution. We know that evolution happened. The only question is the precise method by which it did.
quote: Incorrect. The definition of atheism is the lack of belief. Or are you saying there are no atheists? There's an old joke: What's the difference between a theist and an atheist? A theist claims that of the 1000 different gods and religions out there, 999 of them are wrong. An atheist doesn't make an exception for that last one. You're about to add "belief" to your list of words that are meaningless, aren't you?
quote: Ask an atheist. By the way...please define "god." After all, the burden of proof is always on the one making the claim. It is theists who are claiming the existence of god, so it is not the responsibility of atheists to define it or prove it.
quote: Nice try. That's my argument to you. If you don't follow it, then you don't believe it. Since simple observation shows us that those who claim to be absolutist don't actually follow their own code, then we necessarily conclude that they don't believe it.
quote: Huh? None of those things are "supranormal." Are we about to add yet another entry to your list of words that are meaningless?
quote: Huh? You didn't read my post at all, did you. Let's try it again: Suppose there were no theists. Do you think there would be anybody delciaming, "I don't believe in god"? If there can be atheists in the absence of theists, then your statement is trivially proven false. Or are you saying there are no atheists? There is no point in continuing if you are.
quote: And I answered it: Something else. That's the entire point behind relativism: Good and bad cannot be absolutely determined but can only be judged based upon the context in which any particular action happens. You relate it to something else.
quote: Why does it matter? All relativistic decisions are made in the manner of comparing things to other things. There is no absolute other.
quote: Lots of ways. Experience and logic, for example.
quote: Taught, of course. The fact that there are different codes of morality (even relative ones) shows that it is not inborn.
quote: Ahem...what makes you think you can't teach yourself? Hint: What is required in order for "morality" to exist in the first place? A branch falls from a tree. Was that action "moral"? We're not talking about the means by which the ability to make moral decisions comes from. We are assuming that such an ability already exists.
quote: You're now equivocating "absolute" to mean "generalized." I guess we've got yet another word to add to your list of words that are meaningless. Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
ikabod responds to me:
quote: (*blink!*) You did not just say that, did you? Here's an experiment you can do in the privacy of your own bio lab. It doesn't cost much and you can get the materials from any reputable biological supply house. Take a single E. coli bacterium of K-type. This means the bacterium is susceptible to T4 phage. Let this bacterium reproduce until it forms a lawn. Then, infect the lawn with T4 phage. What do we expect to happen? That's right, plaques should start to form and, eventually, the entire lawn will die. After all, every single bacterium in the lawn is descended from a single ancestor, so if the ancestor is susceptible, then all the offspring should be susceptible, too. But what we actually see is that some colonies of bacteria in the lawn are not affected by the phage. How can this be? Again, the entire lawn is descended from a single ancestor. They should all behave identically. If one is susceptible, then they're all susceptible. If one is immune, then they're all immune. This can't be an example of "adaptation" because if one could do it, they all could do it. But since there is a discrepancy, we are left with only one conclusion: The bacteria evolved. There must be a genetic difference between the bacteria that are surviving and those that died. Indeed, we call the new bacteria K-4 because they are immune to T4 phage. But we're not done. Take a single K-4 bacterium and repeat the process: Let it reproduce to form a lawn and then infect the lawn with T4 phage. What do we expect to happen? That's right: Absolutely nothing. All of the bacteria are descended from a single ancestor that is immune to T4 phage. Therefore, they all should survive and we shouldn't see any plaques form. But we do. Plaques do, indeed start to form. How can this be? Again, all the bacteria in the lawn are descended from a single ancestor that was immune to T4 phage, so they should all behave identically. If one is immune, then all are immune. There must be something else going on. Something evolved, but the question is what. What evolved? Could it be the bacteria experiencing a reversion mutation back to K-type? No, that can't be it. Suppose any given bacteria did revert back to wild. It is surrounded by K-4 type who are immune to T4 phage. As soon as the lawn is infected, those few bacteria will die and immediately be replaced by the offspring of the immune K-4 bacteria. We would never see any plaques forming because the immune bacteria keep filling in any holes that appear. So if it isn't the bacteria that evolved, it must be the phage. And, indeed, we call the new phage T4h as it has evolved a new host specificity. There is a similar experiment where you take bacteria that have had their lactose operons removed and they evolve to be able to digest lactose again. You might want to look up the information regarding the development of bacteria capable of digesting nylon oligimers. It's the result of a single frame-shift mutation. Are you claiming that these things don't exist? That the very thing that happened right before your eyes didn't actually happen? That it is something other than evolution? And don't play dumb and claim, "Oh, but that's microevolution...I'm talking about macroevolution," as if those two things were somehow different. I can show you the data where we have seen speciation happen right in front of our eyes. Evolution is a fact just as much as gravity is. In fact, evolution is even more well-founded than gravity because we actually have a mechanism for evolution and can directly manipulate it. We still have no idea what gravity is. Anybody who thinks that there is some doubt as to whether or not evolution actually happened simply hasn't bothered to do any study in the subject at all.
quote: If there were an established incident of creation, yes. Unfortunately, we have never actually seen creation happen. We have yet to conduct any experiment that verified the act of creation. So you tell me: Given that we can make evolution happen right in front of our eyes on a high school budget and given that we have never, ever seen an act of creation, which one would you say is the fact and which one is the fiction?
quote: Huh? How did we get from Santa and the Tooth Fairy to "freedom" and "justice"? I see that you have turned "belief" into a meaningless word.
quote: Logical error: Shifting the burden of proof. It is not up to atheists to prove the non-existence of god. Burden of proof is always on the one making the claim. Those that claim there is a god are the ones who need to show that god exists. I don't have to prove that 2 + 2 = 4 in order to show that 2 + 2 <> 5. Oh, it would be nice if I did, but it isn't my responsibility to declaim it. It is for those who insist that there is a sum to 2 + 2 to do the work of proving it.
quote: But your point is invalid as it rests upon the logical error of a false equivalency and shifting of the burden of proof. It is not the responsibility of those without god to show that there is no god. And because of that, whether or not they haven't cannot be held against them. The sole burden of proof is upon those who claim there is a god. Once that has been made, those who think they have made an error can go through and point out the holes in the argument, but that's all they need to do. I don't have to show 2 + 2 = 4 in order to prove that 2 + 2 <> 5.
quote: But that's just it: When push comes to shove, they abandon those absolutes for relativism.
quote: Who said anything about not using examples? Of course you use examples. But you realize that the examples are not absolute. After all, that's the entire point behind the various moral games like "Lifeboat."
quote: Depends. What are the circumstances? Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
idabod responds to me:
quote: Nice try, but that's my complaint to you.
quote: Incorrect. Instead, I refuse to allow equivocation as that is a logical error.
quote: Incorrect. I could abandon evolution right now if you could show the evidence against it. Show me a fossilized rabbit from Pre-Cambrian strata. Show me an ostrich hatching from an alligator's egg. Show me that all species are genetically equidistant from each other. I can give you at least half a dozen pieces of evidence that would make me drop evolution like a hot potato. The reason I advocate for evolution isn't that it's a "sacred cow" but that every single piece of evidence we have points to it. As Dobzhansky said, "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." So have at it. Where is the brighter light?
quote: Last refuge of those who have no argument: "Why are you so defensive?" as if I had any emotional attachment to this discussion. By personalizing, by trying to make me out to be some sort of hysterical lunatic, you get to maintain your own personal world. No, you didn't make a mistake...I must be crazy. Can you try arguing without the ad hominem?
quote: (*blink*) You did not just say that, did you? I show you evolution right in front of your eyes and you claim that it isn't sufficient? You did exactly what I predicted you would: "Oh, that's only microevolution. I meant macroevolution," as if there were any difference between evolutionary changes below the species level and evolutionary changes above the species level. And notice, you've engaged in yet another logical error: Moving the goalposts. All you said was that evolution was not a fact. I provide you with evolution happening right in front of your eyes, and somehow that isn't good enough. Unprepared to deal with something that you expected couldn't be shown, you move the goalposts to something else that you didn't ask for in the first place and then hope to high heaven that nobody notices. Nice try.
quote: Of course. Just because we have established the objective fact of evolution doesn't mean we know absolutely everything about it. If we did, it would be a dead field and nobody would study it since there would be nothing to learn. But, you're engaging in yet another logical fallacy: Because we don't know everything, that means we don't know anything. Again, back to gravity. We know quite a bit about it. We can measure it, predict it, model it, use it to our advantage, etc. But we still have absolutely no idea what it is, how to manipulate it, where it comes from, or why it even exists. All of those things we do know for evolution. Not everything, no, but we do know a fair amount. And yet, nobody seems to think that gravity is some sort of nebulous concept that still needs further justification. If I drop a ball from my hand, it falls to the ground. Since we haven't managed to perfect that telepathy thing just yet, we use language to describe what just happened and the word we have chosen to represent the force that pulled the ball down is "gravity." There is no question that gravity is a fact since we just showed it to exist, right in front of our very eyes. So why does evolution get the short shrift? If we observe populations over time, their genetic frequencies change. Since we haven't managed to perfect that telepathy thing just yet, we use language to describe what just happened and the word we have chose to represent the shift of genetic frequencies is "evolution." There is no question that evolution is a fact since we just showed it to exist, right in front of our very eyes. But somehow, that doesn't seem to be good enough.
quote: Do you truly not see the difference between things like "Santa" and the "Tooth Fairy" and things like "freedom" and "justice"? Here's a hint: Why do we capitalize "Santa" but not "freedom"?
quote: Incorrect. Do you believe in Santa? Why not? If you ask the average person why not, they'll give a whole host of reasons, based upon evidence such as the fact that we've been to the North Pole: There's no workshop there. And even more damning, your parents admit that it was them. And once again, you have conflated things like "Santa" and the "Tooth Fairy" with things like "freedom" and "justice." And once again, you have equivocated "belief" to be a meaningless word. That atheists acknowledge concepts like "freedom" and "justice," doesn't mean they "believe" in them the way theists "believe" in god.
quote: Incorrect. False equivalency, shifting of burden of proof. Burden of proof is always on the one making the claim. Those who believe in god are burdened with providing proof of god's existence. Those without belief have no such burden for they are the default position. Once again, a direct question which you have yet to answer: If there were no theists, would there be anybody who actively said, "I don't believe in god"? There are an infinite numbers of things you don't believe in, many due to the fact that you simply haven't heard of the thing you don't believe. For example, what about the Invisible Pink Unicorn (Blessed Be Her Horn)? Do you have an opinion about that? Does the fact that you've now heard of the IPU (BBHN) mean you've suddenly acquired yet another religion? See, this is why your definitions of "religion" and "belief" are worthless. Everything becomes a "belief," everything is a "religion." And since it applies to everything, it actually describes nothing.
quote: How is that any different from current atheists? They don't go around declaring their atheism in some sort of attempt to reinforce their beliefs. They only time it even comes to mind is because somebody else has brought it up. So if there were nobody to bring it up, how on earth could you tell?
quote: Incorrect. You simply do what an amazing number of atheists do: Simply realize that those who claim that god exists haven't met their burden of proof: Go to the North Pole and see there's no workshop there. I don't have to prove 2 + 2 = 4 to show that 2 + 2 <> 5.
quote: Non sequitur. Please rephrase.
quote: Because morality is a construct of social interaction. If the action is not a social one, what on earth is the point in asking if it is "moral"?
quote: Why limit it? Surely you've heard the concepts of "short term" and "long term," yes? Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
ikabod responds to me:
quote: Just as I said: Morality is a social phenomenon. Things that aren't social phenomena don't have a question of morality.
quote: Ya think? Yes, all questions of social interaction have a moral component. That morality doesn't necessarily have to be a huge consideration, but it is there. This sorta leads into another discussion I've been having elsewhere: Is there a distinction between etiquette and morality? That is, can something be "polite" and yet at the same time "not nice"? I say yes. Here's a personal example: I was at the movies, Sunday night, last showing. Theatre is practically empty. I am the only person in my row. There is a completely empty row right in front of me. There is a pathway that leads across the theatre at the front of the house and a similar one in the back. The way the entrance to the theatre is, you come from the back, along the sides, and are deposited right at the opening of my row along the sides of the house. So I'm sitting there, and a couple of kids come along my row, get to me, and the one in front says, "Excuse me." I look at him and say, "No. Go around." He looks shocked, "What?" I repeat myself, "No. Go around." Was that "rude"? I would say no. I did not raise my voice. I did not call them names. I did not lecture them. I did not escalate or extend the encounter (all of which they eventually did to me). Oh, I will happily accept that I should have said, "Please go around," but the basic concept is still there: While it would have been "nice" of me to have got up and let them pass, I was certainly under no obligation to do so and was quite polite in my refusal of their request. Note, if circumstances had been different, then my actions would have changed: If there had been somebody else in the row on the other side of me, of course I would let them by since they might be going to join them. If they had already inconvenienced a group of others on the way to me, I'd let them by since it would be rude of me to force those other innocents to be bothered again. At any rate, the interaction has a moral dimension: A request for a favor was made. It is "nice" and "good" to grant favors. But in an "absolute" sense, one seeking to always do "good" would always grant a favor if physically possible. But the relativist understands that sometimes the "good" that comes from granting a favor will lead to a greater "evil" down the line and thus, you do something "bad" now (refusing the favor) in order to prevent something worse from happening.
quote: No, not so much "a single unit" but rather "not isolated." Something can be "good" now and "bad" later. The fact that things change later doesn't alter the fact that right here and now, it would be good.
quote: Non sequitur. Please rephrase. Hint: Please stop using "question" and "answer" in this context. I don't know what you mean by them. [And to finish out the story: Apparently, my refusal so insulted his masculinity that he got all of his friends to come down the row so that I could say, "No. Go around," to all of them. Those that didn't manage to have a shot at it waited until the end of the movie, during the credits (which I watch), to do it. One of them, at that point, decided that he was going to cross anyway and started crawling over me...then caught his foot, tripped, and fell. Now, considering the neighborhood of the theatre and the fact that I was alone compared to 10 of them, I consider myself somewhat lucky that it didn't turn into a physical fight. But, I'm not sorry that I did it. The last time I was at the movies, same theatre, some very large women decided to cross the theatre using the row I was in...along with a good dozen other people, thereby making things difficult for all of us as there really wasn't any room for them to get by. Where does this attitude of entitlement come from? It would never occur to me to cross a theatre using a row that had people in it.] Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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Rrhain Member Posts: 6351 From: San Diego, CA, USA Joined: |
ikabod responds to me:
quote: No, being a snob, no matter how well couched, is not polite. Just because one doesn't use coarse language or physical violence doesn't mean one is being polite. Demeaning, denigrating behaviour, no matter how sugared, is still demeaning and denigrating.
quote: Oh, everybody has etiquette. After all, the kids didn't just plow into my legs, kicking them aside, and tossing a sarcastic, "S'cuse you!" in my direction. They actually stopped and said, politely, "Excuse me." It's just that they expected simply asking me to move was sufficient to obligate me to do so. And similarly, everybody has a morality. Everybody has something that they think would be bad, especially if it happened to them. Rrhain Thank you for your submission to Science. Your paper was reviewed by a jury of seventh graders so that they could look for balance and to allow them to make up their own minds. We are sorry to say that they found your paper "bogus," specifically describing the section on the laboratory work "boring." We regret that we will be unable to publish your work at this time.
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