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Author Topic:   Lichen?
Inu-Yasha
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Message 1 of 11 (58851)
09-30-2003 8:20 PM


Can fungus decompose? You know, like environmentally? Can fungus actually work with bacteria to decompose wastes? Can they do the jobs of the saprophytes?

Replies to this message:
 Message 2 by Rei, posted 09-30-2003 10:32 PM You replied

  
Rei
Member (Idle past 7044 days)
Posts: 1546
From: Iowa City, IA
Joined: 09-03-2003


Message 2 of 11 (58876)
09-30-2003 10:32 PM
Reply to: Message 1 by Inu-Yasha
09-30-2003 8:20 PM


There are a *huge* range of fungi, and a good number of types of liches (which are mere fungi, persay, but a combination of an algae and a fungus). Fungi can decompose all sorts of things - dead or alive. There are even mushroom-producing fungi which grow on the buried larva of insects. There's one type of fungus which causes the Lobster Mushroom, in that it infects the mushroom of several other species of mushroom. Many fungi survive in a cooperative role - they break down minerals, but not for food - they exchange minerals with the a tree or other plants for food.
Each type of fungus tends to be somewhat restricted in its role.
What type of wastes are you referring to? Bacteria are typically what are engineered to break down wastes, since they're easier to manipulate, mass produce, and to evolve. However, depending on the waste, there may already be a fungus that eats it. As for lichens breaking down waste, I wouldn't expect it as much as a simple fungus. Lichens are typically a "colonizing" species. They grow incredibly slowly, and tend to get their energy from the algae, not the environment.
------------------
"Illuminant light,
illuminate me."

This message is a reply to:
 Message 1 by Inu-Yasha, posted 09-30-2003 8:20 PM Inu-Yasha has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 3 by Hitomi, posted 10-03-2003 1:37 AM Rei has not replied

Hitomi
Guest


Message 3 of 11 (59195)
10-03-2003 1:37 AM
Reply to: Message 2 by Rei
09-30-2003 10:32 PM


Well, it was one of the questions on my biology 11 test,
the question was "this type of bacteria are environmental pioneers that work with fungi. also called lichen". (not really sure about the wordings)
the right answer is suppose to be "cyanobacteria" 'cause they are photosynthetic and do some sort of nitrogen fixation. But i wrote "saprophytes" instead 'cause I thought that fungi are decomposers as well. I'm now trying to get that mark back from my teacher, so I need some evidence to back up my so-called "theory". So, is there anyway that I might be able to explain this thing so it actually makes sense?

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 Message 2 by Rei, posted 09-30-2003 10:32 PM Rei has not replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 4 by Quetzal, posted 10-03-2003 3:44 AM You have not replied

  
Quetzal
Member (Idle past 5903 days)
Posts: 3228
Joined: 01-09-2002


Message 4 of 11 (59200)
10-03-2003 3:44 AM
Reply to: Message 3 by Hitomi
10-03-2003 1:37 AM


Hi Hitomi,
I regret but I think you're screwed. Cyanobacteria are the symbionts with fungi that create lichens. Lichens are the first colonizers (usually) in primary succession scenarios, because they can chemically break down rock to create soil. Chemical weathering takes a long time, and the cyanobacteria provide the essential nutrients (via excretion of photosynthetic byproducts!) such as amino acids which are needed by the fungi, which in turn provide the moist, cozy environment for the bacteria. Soil is created by either the fungus wedging apart mineral grains, or excreting acids that dissolve the matrix.
Saprophytes, like mycorrhizal fungi, are decomposers. IOW, their role is to decompose once-living organisms. They're recyclers, rather than environmental pioneers. They ARE fungi, not "work with fungi".
Sorry about that.
[This message has been edited by Quetzal, 10-03-2003]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 3 by Hitomi, posted 10-03-2003 1:37 AM Hitomi has not replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 5 by Stephen ben Yeshua, posted 01-08-2004 12:00 AM Quetzal has replied

Stephen ben Yeshua
Inactive Member


Message 5 of 11 (77088)
01-08-2004 12:00 AM
Reply to: Message 4 by Quetzal
10-03-2003 3:44 AM


lichen the key to the universe
Quetzal,
You are of course right, but you have modestly neglected the main point.
Lichens are fungi symbiotic with algae. The fungi are constrained to deal saprophytically, sucking up on dead and dying stuff to live. The algae live on sunlight and nutrients, actually creating biologic energy out of inorganic stuff. The fungi part of lichens provide the water and minerals which the algae can use, with sunlight, to produce sugar.
Here we have, God (or Creator) given I believe, a model for our situation. These bodies we live in are fungi. They crave and thrive on dead stuff, MTV for example, or Fox news. Churches and universities or governments. But, living within are these alge, souls, that crave light, insight, wisdom, truth. Using this light, they produce energy for real life.
As it is for fungi, so with souls living in bodies, in symbiosis. The souls are constructed of dark matter, living on zero point energy, radiating from God knows where, as much a mystery to our bodies as sunlight is to the fungi part of lichens. But our souls can deal with dark energy, and do.
So, as created beings, symbiotes like lichen are given to us so that we can understand our nature.
You know, the algae part of fungi can live in moist places apart from the fungi. Ever wonder why the lichen on rocks often grows in a circle, like a bacterial culture on a test plate? It is because the fungi sends out its spores, to grow whereever, until they find a free growing algae to grow with them. Then the two grow together as the lichen. This happens rarely, and when it does, the two together form a lichen patch. Like a bacteria culture on a test plate. In waterfalls, the algae grows alone quite well, without the fungi.
Like souls in heaven.
Our souls live on light from God, the algae live on light from the sun. Our souls live in these bodies, that crave dead stuff, and algae live in fungal bodies, that live on decomposing stuff. The souls produce something the body can live on, just as the algae produces something the fungi can live on.
Which proves nothing, but makes everything provable to those who want to understand. A key does not open the door. It only enables someone who wants the door opened to open it.
Your choice from here. Let the light shine or not.
Stephen

This message is a reply to:
 Message 4 by Quetzal, posted 10-03-2003 3:44 AM Quetzal has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 6 by Quetzal, posted 01-08-2004 9:16 AM Stephen ben Yeshua has replied

Quetzal
Member (Idle past 5903 days)
Posts: 3228
Joined: 01-09-2002


Message 6 of 11 (77124)
01-08-2004 9:16 AM
Reply to: Message 5 by Stephen ben Yeshua
01-08-2004 12:00 AM


Re: lichen the key to the universe
Hi Stephen,
Fascinating analogy. I've never heard anyone express the body-soul metaphysic that way before. Of course, that doesn't really help the guy who asked the question, since all he was trying to do was argue a point on a bio exam. In the context of the exam, his saprophyte answer was incorrect (they were talking succession, not decomposition).
Anyhow, thanks for sharing your idea. Obviously, I find it difficult to accept your metaphysic. One of the key problems you face is that your base premise is unsupported. IOW, to accept your view, you have to stipulate the existence of a soul - for which no objective corroborating evidence has ever been produced. However, IF souls exist, your comparison to mutualistic symbionts seems to be an interesting and logical way of looking at them...
The only scientific quibble I have is that you're sort of oversimplifying the lichens here:
You know, the algae part of fungi can live in moist places apart from the fungi. Ever wonder why the lichen on rocks often grows in a circle, like a bacterial culture on a test plate? It is because the fungi sends out its spores, to grow whereever, until they find a free growing algae to grow with them. Then the two grow together as the lichen. This happens rarely, and when it does, the two together form a lichen patch. Like a bacteria culture on a test plate. In waterfalls, the algae grows alone quite well, without the fungi.
There are approx. 20,000 species of lichens - each one with its own symbiont. The symbionts are composed of either an algae or a cyanobacteria (or both). Examples include cyanolichens like Collema subnigrescens (with a Nostoc spp cyanobacterium symbiont), green-algal macrolichens like Xanthoria parietina (with green algae symbionts like Trebouxia spp), and dual lichens like Lobaria pulmonaria which have both cyanobacterial and algae components - sort of a "we do it all" approach. As a rule of thumb, cyanolichens are more photosensitive, and are found in shadier areas than macrolichens (which comprise about 90% of the known species of lichens), although that's not set in stone (sorry, couldn't resist).

This message is a reply to:
 Message 5 by Stephen ben Yeshua, posted 01-08-2004 12:00 AM Stephen ben Yeshua has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 7 by Stephen ben Yeshua, posted 01-08-2004 5:38 PM Quetzal has replied

Stephen ben Yeshua
Inactive Member


Message 7 of 11 (77188)
01-08-2004 5:38 PM
Reply to: Message 6 by Quetzal
01-08-2004 9:16 AM


Re: lichen the key to the universe
Quetzal,
Thanks for the info on the lichens. Someone told me that, for one species at least, the photosynthesizing part could and did live independently. Is that generally true? But you also say,
you have to stipulate the existence of a soul - for which no objective corroborating evidence has ever been produced.
As to evidence for a soul, have you followed the discussions on weighing the human soul experiments? Basically, a scientist named Carpenter did some calculations in the 1980's on what a soul would likely weigh, given the size of the body that it needed to "drive." He predicted that, if dying persons were weighed, they would at the moment of death, lose a certain amount of weight, about 20 grams. Someone then advised him that they had heard of this study already being done, and after diligent searching, he found and resurrected this old paper. Indeed, the weight loss of several dying TB patients more or less matched his prediction, except that several patients had more than one weight-loss episode. Carpenter supposed that these patients were occupied by more than one "spiritual being." which did not all leave at once. Check Download thousands of books, hundreds free, directly to your computer!, and search on "Weighing the human soul" or Carpenter's name.
Anyway, the various efforts to scientifically validate the Bible, all of which have been remarkably successful, also validate the Bible's contention that we have souls. Here, the most fun place to go is Bible Code Digest.com - Home Page [Bible Code Digest] and search on Moby Dick. But Del Washburn's Theomatics has no successful critics, Ivan Panin's Gematria are persuasive (but hard to evaluate formally statistically). The Bible Code science is so beyond reproach, that critics have had to resort to very under-handed methods to disparage it.
Then there are the NDE studies. Sure looks like souls coming and going there. And the reports from the out-of-body travelers contains in some instances objective evidence that their minds were elsewhere.
Why argue that dark matter is uninhabited? Why would life appear in only the 5% of the universe that is electro-magnetic? Remember that discussion of the soul's existence is very subjective. Do not trust your own thinking, lest you deceive yourself. Examine these studies carefully. A lot depends on whether they are true or not. Note the overly strong way you expressed the "I have yet to see objective evidence for souls." that you were trying to say. You know, of course, that philosophically, you cannot assert as you did that something doesn't exist, because you haven't, cannot have, examined all the evidence that does exist. When we make philosophical boo-boo's like that, it's a sign that our subjectivity is coloring our judgment.
Cheers,
Stephen

This message is a reply to:
 Message 6 by Quetzal, posted 01-08-2004 9:16 AM Quetzal has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 8 by Quetzal, posted 01-09-2004 11:03 AM Stephen ben Yeshua has replied
 Message 9 by Coragyps, posted 01-09-2004 12:41 PM Stephen ben Yeshua has not replied

Quetzal
Member (Idle past 5903 days)
Posts: 3228
Joined: 01-09-2002


Message 8 of 11 (77322)
01-09-2004 11:03 AM
Reply to: Message 7 by Stephen ben Yeshua
01-08-2004 5:38 PM


Re: lichen the key to the universe
Thanks for the info on the lichens. Someone told me that, for one species at least, the photosynthesizing part could and did live independently. Is that generally true?
Species of both the algae and cyanobacteria that are involved in lichen symbiosis are found free-living. Nostoc for example is a pretty ubiquitous genus of bacteria, as is the algae genus Trebouxia.
Anyway, the various efforts to scientifically validate the Bible, all of which have been remarkably successful, also validate the Bible's contention that we have souls.
Well, Stephen, I find it difficult to credence that a published scientist like yourself would cling to such utter nonsense like bible codes and ELS as proof of the inerrancy of your religious books. I also find it difficult to see how someone versed in the peer-review process can accept work like Carpenter's self-published magnum opus without corroboration.
I have no interest in debating the issue of souls OR the issue of the bible codes. It holds little or no relevance for science, or for me for that matter. However, in the interests of fairness, let me reference a few of those critics you so cavalierly dismiss for those who may not be aware of the rebuttals.
McKay B, Bar-Natan D, Bar-Hillel M, and Kalal G 1999 "Solving the Bible Code Puzzle", Statistical Science 14:150-173
Bar-Hillel M, Bar-Natan D, McKay B 1998 "The Torah Codes: Puzzle and Solution", Chance 11:13-19
For some non-peer reviewed rebuttals, see, for example:
Wilner BD 1997 "An impartial opinion on the 'Torah Codes'
Washburn D (undtd) "Is the Bible Code for real? - a nice one for Christians since he's a biblical archeologist and an expert in ancient Hebrew
And of course, the article that brought the whole thing to my attention in the first place six years ago, David Thomas' Skeptical Inquirer article "Messages and The Bible Code" SI, Nov/Dec 97
Underhanded methods? All of these authors have utterly eviscerated the entire subject, using the exact same statistical methodologies used by the originators. They've successfully called into question methodology, experimental design, and developed falsifications for each of the key premises in both ELS and theomatics.
I find I'm rather disappointed that someone as obviously intelligent as you are would fall for what are little more than unsupported mathematical games at best and utter hoaxes at worst.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 7 by Stephen ben Yeshua, posted 01-08-2004 5:38 PM Stephen ben Yeshua has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 10 by Stephen ben Yeshua, posted 01-09-2004 1:03 PM Quetzal has not replied

Coragyps
Member (Idle past 765 days)
Posts: 5553
From: Snyder, Texas, USA
Joined: 11-12-2002


Message 9 of 11 (77345)
01-09-2004 12:41 PM
Reply to: Message 7 by Stephen ben Yeshua
01-08-2004 5:38 PM


Re: lichen the key to the universe
Indeed, the weight loss of several dying TB patients more or less matched his prediction, except that several patients had more than one weight-loss episode.
They had two or three souls, no doubt. And the one that gained weight had what, exactly?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 7 by Stephen ben Yeshua, posted 01-08-2004 5:38 PM Stephen ben Yeshua has not replied

Stephen ben Yeshua
Inactive Member


Message 10 of 11 (77354)
01-09-2004 1:03 PM
Reply to: Message 8 by Quetzal
01-09-2004 11:03 AM


Re: lichen the key to the universe
Quetzal,
You comment,
Well, Stephen, I find it difficult to credence that a published scientist like yourself would cling to such utter nonsense like bible codes and ELS as proof of the inerrancy of your religious books. I also find it difficult to see how someone versed in the peer-review process can accept work like Carpenter's self-published magnum opus without corroboration.
First, that you find it difficult is the main point of my last post, where I alerted you to the danger you were in from the pressure of your subjectivity. This is what makes understanding and objective evaluation difficult.
Second, that I am published is irrelevant. That my publications have had such a resounding impact on ecological thought is relevant. Especially when I make claims such as authoring the "Central Theory of Ecology."
Third, you see me "clinging" to certain ideas, when I am on record throughout these discussions here, and in all my publications, as renouncing clinging to any ideas at all. I call it dogmatic opinionation, and became a H-D scientist to protect myself from clinging. That methodology means that I will ultimately be forced to change my mind about everything I think, but not gullibly or in unproductive ways. I will ultimately be forced to admit that Newton was sort of wrong, while retaining the usefulness of his thinking. Normally, to accuse someone of something that they are trying very hard not to do, and have a plan to protect themselves from doing, suggests strongly that you are projecting. You know it is wrong to cling to ideas, and so feel guilty because that is what you are doing. That guilt causes you to project that guilt onto others, rather than endure the discomfort of admitting you are doing it yourself. Theologians call this the "logs and splinters" problem, where you have a log in your eye, but judge others for the splinter in their eye. (I am human, and so am strongly tempted as all humans to cling to my opininons.) Beware.
Fourth, to call the research of such eminent and successful scientists such as Doron Witztum, Elihu Rips, and Rosenburg (sp?), Harold Ganz, and others "utter nonsense" virtually proves my point. Your mind is swamped in subjectivity, and is not serving any choice you have made for life and truth.
Fifth, the expression "proof of the inerrancy" refers to an agenda that I have also renounced and denounced, explicitly. In H-D science, there is no proof, since every idea is slated to need modification sooner or later. Some are more plausible than others, but none have a plausibility of p=1, are proved. Moreover, I have read the bible. In what amounts to its preface, it basically states a purpose that renounces the concept of "inerrancy." In fact, the scriptures warn there will be those, who will lie and call themselves believers, who will lie about the bible. This, to me clearly includes those who advocate inerrant biblical interpretation. They exist to confuse and deceive others regarding the self-stated purpose of the Bible. The question for truth seekers is, "Is the self-stated purpose of the bible "true" in the sense that it accomplishes that purpose, if used as it directs." This the Bible Code studies confirm, whether you like it or not. That's the way scientific data are. They force you to either change your mind, or turn away from your scientific profession.
Sixth, why do you hold up peer review as an honorable scientific practise? True, it is traditional, but Thomas Kuhn has shown that traditional science has nothing to do with truth, only the maintainence of "accepted paradigms." Tenure in scientific professions was instituted because it was understood that "peer review" was unreliable in the judgement of scientific debates. I personally call it "sneer" review, and in my career, my greatest successes were all accomplished in spite of peer review rejections.
Seventh, I specifically stated that Carpenter's work was corroborated by MacDougal's, unless Carpenter was lying. But, your subjectivity blinded you to that fact.
I have no interest in debating the issue of souls OR the issue of the bible codes. It holds little or no relevance for science, or for me for that matter. However, in the interests of fairness, let me reference a few of those critics you so cavalierly dismiss for those who may not be aware of the rebuttals.
Then stop calling yourself a scientist. A scientist has no right to the title if they do not pursue epsitemological issues that determine or significantly affect the way they go about seeking knowledge and truth. "It holds little or no relevance for science"? How can that be? Don't tell me you are one of those "The PhD is just a union card for a pretty cush job." frauds. The soul, if it exists as an dark-matter entity independent of the electro-magnetic body, is what is doing the science! Your comment is like a lichen biologist saying that they have no interest in whether lichens really have algae or cyano whatevers growing within them! Buck up, Quetzal. If you are going to call yourself by such a glorious expression of life, you need to set a higher standard for yourself.
As to rebuttals, the most cursory review of the history of science proves beyond reasonable doubt that anyone giving credence to rebuttals to new ideas, basing doubt upon them, is unworthy of our attention. Way too many ideas that proved useful were "successfully rebutted" when they first appeared. Why would you post the rebuttals, and not comment on the replications? Who taught you how to do science? I need to write them a complaint!
Underhanded methods? All of these authors have utterly eviscerated the entire subject, using the exact same statistical methodologies used by the originators. They've successfully called into question methodology, experimental design, and developed falsifications for each of the key premises in both ELS and theomatics.
This statement is simply not true, and if you had read the original works (as an honest scientist would have done), and compared their methods to those of their critics, you would have known this. But, I agree, they did successfully call the whole thing into question, it the minds of the gullible, anyway.
I share your disappointment. My fate compares to that of Diogenes, looking, looking, looking, for an honest man. Is this the way you have really chosen, to use truth to enhance your life?
Stephen
[This message has been edited by Stephen ben Yeshua, 01-09-2004]

This message is a reply to:
 Message 8 by Quetzal, posted 01-09-2004 11:03 AM Quetzal has not replied

AdminAsgara
Administrator (Idle past 2333 days)
Posts: 2073
From: The Universe
Joined: 10-11-2003


Message 11 of 11 (77365)
01-09-2004 1:48 PM


This topic started as a "Welcome Visitor" thread on lichen, and seems to be trying to jump into bible codes and scientific methodology. Before it jumps too high, I'm closing it down. Take the other topics to more appropriate threads please.

AdminAsgara
Queen of the Universe

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