Next, how can you tell if you followed the "right procedure"?
You use multiple dating methods and multiple attempts. If your dates all converge, you know you did it right. If you did it wrong, you get divergent dates, because different methods give different errors if you do it wrong.
My guess is that you could "scientifically" figure it out, but never know the truth.
Well, you can't know the truth about if Nero or Lincoln existed, because
you weren't there. On the other hand we can be as sure that our dates are correct as we can that Abraham Lincoln actually existed. That's good enough for me.