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Author Topic:   Does science ask and answer "why" questions?
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 98 of 353 (647442)
01-09-2012 5:07 PM
Reply to: Message 94 by jar
01-09-2012 4:47 PM


Re: Observations in the realm of thoughts
jar writes:
The firing neurons are not love, or beauty, or joy, or sorrow and knowing that the process, the mechanics of love or beauty or joy or sorrow is irrelevant to actually feeling love or beauty or joy or sorrow.
If you mean that we can feel those emotions without knowing anything about the process, I would have thought that that's stating the obvious.
I'm wondering how we arrived at this point. The causes, mechanics and functions of emotions are certainly things that science asks why and how questions about, which is all that's really relevant to this thread. And it's not even that important to it as science asks plenty of why questions that have nothing to do with humans at all.
I suppose that the rarest kind of question that science finds itself asking are the "who" questions. Forensic science in a "whodunit" situation is one example.

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 Message 94 by jar, posted 01-09-2012 4:47 PM jar has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 100 by jar, posted 01-09-2012 5:20 PM bluegenes has replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 110 of 353 (647463)
01-09-2012 5:50 PM
Reply to: Message 100 by jar
01-09-2012 5:20 PM


Re: Observations in the realm of thoughts
jar writes:
Science deals with the mechanical why, philosophy and theology deal with ideal why.
Could you give me an example of an "ideal why" question?
And could you give me an example of an "ideal why" question to which theology has been known to give a demonstrably correct answer?
And do you agree that the intent of question (3) in the O.P. might be better expressed in the way that you have done it in the sentence I've quoted?
It's not a question of whether it's right or wrong, but that I think your effort says what you want to say, whereas the O.P. version probably has a similar intent, but dismally fails to express it, and is misleading.

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 Message 100 by jar, posted 01-09-2012 5:20 PM jar has replied

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 Message 111 by jar, posted 01-09-2012 7:09 PM bluegenes has replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 112 of 353 (647479)
01-09-2012 7:36 PM
Reply to: Message 111 by jar
01-09-2012 7:09 PM


Re: Observations in the realm of thoughts
jar writes:
Love, honor, beauty, faith, God ...
That doesn't answer my question, but never mind.
So, science asks the questions about the mechanics of the brain that cause those five things. Then, the theologians ask "ideal" questions about those five things, then scientists investigate the mechanics of the brain that cause theologians to ask their "ideal" questions.
So, it looks as though it's the scientists who are asking the "ultimate" questions. They are investigating the causes of God.

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 Message 111 by jar, posted 01-09-2012 7:09 PM jar has replied

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 Message 113 by jar, posted 01-09-2012 7:42 PM bluegenes has replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 114 of 353 (647481)
01-09-2012 7:48 PM
Reply to: Message 113 by jar
01-09-2012 7:42 PM


Re: Observations in the realm of thoughts
jar writes:
No, the neurons do not cause love, honor, faith, beauty, God ...
What does?

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 Message 113 by jar, posted 01-09-2012 7:42 PM jar has replied

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 Message 115 by jar, posted 01-09-2012 7:52 PM bluegenes has not replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


(1)
Message 124 of 353 (647550)
01-10-2012 9:33 AM
Reply to: Message 25 by RAZD
01-07-2012 10:42 PM


Re: who what when where why how ... purpose and science
Zen Deist writes:
Why did it happen that birds can sing?
Why did it happen that the sky appears blue?
These are essentially untestable\unfalsifiable aspects of the "why" issue, and thus cannot be determined through science.
As I pointed out on the other thread, you're assuming your incorrectly restricted definition of why in order to come to your conclusions, although I don't think you're doing this intentionally. "Why", in those questions can be technical. It doesn't have to mean "for what objective purpose", or "for what ultimate reason".
Take the birds singing. A why question might initially be answered by an immediate reason, like "because they are communicating". Then "why do they communicate" could be answered by giving specific functions, like marking territory, mating, warning, etc. Then, if a questioner asks why they do those things, you could give a reasonable general answer like "it's advantageous for them to do so, and aids their survival."
If someone wanted to phrase a question in the way that you have "why did it happen that birds sing", the answer "because it was advantageous to their ancestors, and aided their survival" is a reasonable one. Or "because there was positive selection for traits that contributed to efficient communication". That could then lead naturally to a good how question about the processes of evolution.
Once you realise that why isn't restricted to intentional purpose, you'll be able to understand the various ways you hear it being used all the time around you, outside science and in.
You could try to support statement (2) in the O.P. if you want to, as it was you who made it on the thread that led to this one, but I wouldn't recommend trying, as it's demonstrably wrong. As for statement one, another old favourite of yours, forget it!

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 Message 25 by RAZD, posted 01-07-2012 10:42 PM RAZD has replied

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 Message 160 by RAZD, posted 01-10-2012 5:03 PM bluegenes has replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


(1)
Message 138 of 353 (647597)
01-10-2012 12:45 PM
Reply to: Message 129 by New Cat's Eye
01-10-2012 10:34 AM


Catholic Scientist writes:
Okay. I don't have the same problem with the wording that you do. Besides, its pretty much just a catchphrase.
On its own, it's meaningless, and it wouldn't give context to the other two statements even if it appeared with them.
Catholic Scientists writes:
But statements 1 and 2 were made within a very specifc context with a certain definition of "why". Changing the context and definition to reduce their veracity isn't an honest approach.
No. RAZD argued for the point made baldly in statement (2). That appears to be what he believes, and it's the source of his confusion.
CS quoting statement (1) writes:
Science doesn't ask/answer "why" questions
It does answer some why questions, just not the ones refered to in statement 3.
Which doesn't refer to any specific type.
CS writes:
There are other proper uses of that word, just not in the context of statement 3.
So statement 2 presented on its own would be wrong. And we don't have any context in statement 3 anyway.
CS writes:
If you look at the context in which RAZD brought in the phrase, DB was saying that the TOE wasn't falsifiable because it didn't answer the ultimate why-question on the existence of species in the first place. RAZD pointed out that science doesn't answer those questions, but rather answers the how-questions on the emergence of species. And he was right. Now, you can remove all that context and assume he was just saying something stupid and then go to show how his statement could be wrong, but I don't think that's an honest approach to understanding the point that was being made.
He was making some correct points to Dawn. But he was also making some incorrect points which confused the issue, and it was those that I pointed to. It isn't correct, for example, to say that scientific theories do not answer "why" questions. All his "sky is blue" stuff that he was giving to Dawn was wrong. "Why is the sky blue" asks for immediate reasons, not the purposeful intent of the sky gods!
RAZD brought in statement (2) in order to try to define why so that he would be right in his assertion that science doesn't answer why questions. By which he meant all of them. Even that wouldn't work, because questions concerning purpose are asked in some fields, as I'd already pointed out.
It could be summed up like this. Dawn wants to bring his god into science to answer why questions. RAZD makes a philosophical argument against this, but shows his agreement with Dawn that naturalistic science does not address why questions of any kind. Dawn wants why in, thinking it means purposeful creation; RAZD says science doesn't deal with why, apparently thinking the same. Bluegenes thinks that science does address the why questions anyway and that there's no evidence of any purpose being involved in evolution and the origin of life, so that questions like "why is there life on earth" are technical and scientific anyway.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 129 by New Cat's Eye, posted 01-10-2012 10:34 AM New Cat's Eye has replied

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 Message 192 by New Cat's Eye, posted 01-11-2012 4:32 PM bluegenes has replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


(1)
Message 168 of 353 (647690)
01-10-2012 6:09 PM
Reply to: Message 160 by RAZD
01-10-2012 5:03 PM


Re: who what when where why how ... purpose and science
Zen Deist writes:
Hi bluegenes, still struggling?
No. I speak English, and I understand the uses of the word "why".
I take it that you are attempting to support questions (1) and (2).
1)Science doesn't ask/answer why questions
2)The proper use of "why" is to answer questions of purpose
Once again, you're imposing your own incorrect restrictions on the the word "why" in order to waffle on about it. While you keep doing that, your posts are meaningless.
You are assuming (2) in order to make the case for (1).
Zen writes:
If you are satisfied with an incomplete, tentative and partial answer then wail away.
Stop fantasizing about me struggling and wailing. It doesn't make your case.
Here are two complete, non-tentative facts.
1) Science doesn't ask/answer why questions is a false claim.
2) The proper use of "why" is to answer questions of purpose is linguistic nonsense and a false claim.
Now do you agree with those two facts?

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bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 245 of 353 (648213)
01-14-2012 12:25 AM
Reply to: Message 192 by New Cat's Eye
01-11-2012 4:32 PM


Catholic Scientists writes:
I read it as why-qustions like the ones of purpose that Dawn was talking about, but not of any kind at all.
No. The claim in statement (2) in this O.P. was being made. That's the incorrect one that the proper usage of "why" is for questions of purpose.

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bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 274 of 353 (648500)
01-16-2012 7:56 AM
Reply to: Message 272 by xongsmith
01-15-2012 4:02 PM


Re: why ask why?
xongsmith writes:
My objection to the use of the 3-letter word "why" is that it is context dependent.
So are all the interrogative words. That's why they're used in phrases with other words that give them some context. Why aren't you objecting to the word "how", which is the interrogative adverb often described as having several different common usages? "How" is singled out here:
http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/ADVERBS9.cfm
quote:
Notice that how can be used in four different ways:
1. meaning 'in what way?':
How did you make this sauce?
How do you start the car?
2. with adjectives:
How tall are you?
How old is your house?
3. with much and many:
How much are these tomatoes?
How many people are coming to the party?
4. with other adverbs:
How quickly can you read this?
How often do you go to London?
xongsmith writes:
Science abhors inexact words. They want the scientific definition that can only have ONE exact meaning.
No. If that were the case, they'd never use any interrogatives. Also, check out the history and evolution in usage of words like "science" and "atom", and the difficulties inherent in defining words like "life" and "species".
xongsmith writes:
If i could hijack this thread a tad, the issue might have have been crystallized by my brother's "for what purpose is the sky blue?"
One of the reasons I started this thread is that your brother (Zen Deist)* makes the mistake of excluding reason and cause from the usage of "why" in questions like "why is the sky blue?" It means "for what reason is the sky blue?". It is not a question that automatically implies objective meaning or intentional purpose. Look at three ways we might phrase this accompanied by possible creationist answers:
Why is the sky blue? Because God made/wanted it that way.
For what reason is the sky blue? Because God made/wanted it that way.
How is it that the sky is blue? Because that's how God made it/wanted it to be.
Because "why", "what", and "how" can be used in connection with intentional purpose and meaning certainly does not mean that they always are.
Scientists today use "why" in pretty much the same way that Darwin used it in On the Origin... They use it in ways that are linguistically very well established, and therefore "proper".
The statement: A proper use of "why" is for questions of purpose is absolutely true.
The statement: The proper use of "why" is for questions of purpose is absolutely false.
The above applies both to our everyday usage and to science.
More examples of why and how in religion:
Why did God make us? Because He's the perfect Good. Or maybe: Out of love." Or maybe: Because he so desired.
How did God make us? He made the first man from dust, and the first woman from one of the man's ribs."
* I know you know who your own brother is, but others may not.

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 Message 272 by xongsmith, posted 01-15-2012 4:02 PM xongsmith has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 281 by xongsmith, posted 01-16-2012 11:22 AM bluegenes has replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 275 of 353 (648501)
01-16-2012 8:27 AM
Reply to: Message 273 by RAZD
01-15-2012 8:07 PM


Re: why ask why?
Zen Deist writes:
Science can ask how bird singing evolved, how the uses of bird song evolved, how it varies in different varieties and species, and how song is used today: these are proper questions that can be explored by science. Why bird singing exists is not.
Why are you still assuming non-existent restrictions on "why", and therefore your bizzare conclusions?
Why do birds sing?
The question investigates the immediate reasons and causes behind bird singing.
The abstract in this paper discusses an hypothesis about the reason for the existence of the dawn chorus.

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bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 282 of 353 (648532)
01-16-2012 11:36 AM
Reply to: Message 280 by xongsmith
01-16-2012 11:13 AM


Re: why ask why?
xongsmith writes:
EXACTLY - you got it. Cavediver and Modulous and Bluegenes appear to be arguing from the vantage point that all "why" questions can eventually be explained by science.
Please, leave my name out of your interpretations. If by "vantage point" you meant "position", my view is that we have no way of knowing whether or not all why questions about reality can eventually be "explained" by science. As for questions like "why does god wear polka dot pants", I'm highly confident that they won't ever be correctly answered by science or anything else.
Other "disciplines" could make up answers to such questions.

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 Message 280 by xongsmith, posted 01-16-2012 11:13 AM xongsmith has replied

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bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 286 of 353 (648540)
01-16-2012 12:06 PM
Reply to: Message 281 by xongsmith
01-16-2012 11:22 AM


Re: why ask why?
xongsmith writes:
I agree, but that is not my point. My point is that the use of the word "why" is easily misunderstood, especially by creationists. It's a loaded word for them. We should avoid it when we can, which is every time, if we are careful.
Isn't one use of this board to correct creationists' misconceptions, rather than fit in with them? It's hardly my responsibility to change my language for the sake of those who don't understand it.
And it's certainly not true that creationists use "why" only in relation to intent.
Look at day to day usage, even that which concerns the actions of people.
Person A enters the house, and is greeted by person B, who imparts some information, saying: "I broke the blue vase."
Person A: "Why did you break the blue vase?"
Possible answers from B: "Because I wanted to use the pieces in a collage I'm making." (intent involved).
Because I didn't like it, and I couldn't stand the sight of the bloody thing any more." (intent also).
"Because I tripped over the dog, and fell on it." (no intent).
"Because I bumped into the table, and it fell." (no intent).
The questioner, A, doesn't even know whether or not his question is about purpose. But his question is certainly about the immediate reason/cause behind the breaking of the vase.
That's normal "why" usage for everyone, except Zen Deist, who believes that the proper use of why is only for purpose.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 281 by xongsmith, posted 01-16-2012 11:22 AM xongsmith has replied

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 Message 292 by xongsmith, posted 01-16-2012 2:10 PM bluegenes has replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 294 of 353 (648564)
01-16-2012 3:41 PM
Reply to: Message 292 by xongsmith
01-16-2012 2:10 PM


Middle ground believers in a creator.
xongsmith writes:
Exactly, but they do use it differently than evolutionists.
Funnily enough, the source of the kind of statements that I commented on in the O.P. is usually not the classical sort of creationist who springs to mind when the word creationist is used here (YECs, for example).
If you visualise a spectrum with the YECs at one end and non-theistic naturalists at the other, there's a middle ground which is mainly covered by people who are often referred to as "theistic evolutionists". It is from this kind of area that the slogan "science answers the how questions and religion the why questions" usually seems to come, along with its attendant misconceptions like "science doesn't answer why questions".

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 Message 297 by Straggler, posted 01-16-2012 6:37 PM bluegenes has replied

  
bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 298 of 353 (648597)
01-16-2012 7:32 PM
Reply to: Message 297 by Straggler
01-16-2012 6:37 PM


Re: Middle ground believers in a creator.
Straggler writes:
I think Gould's "Non Overlapping Magesteria" has a lot to answer for on this. I doubt he invented the whole How Vs Why thing that so many non-fundamentalist theists/deists cling to. But he certainly seems to have amplified the whole thing.
Spot on. That's the kind of area, yes, although Gould himself wouldn't have made the "why" mistake.
The current popular name for those identified with this sort of line is "accommodationists".

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bluegenes
Member (Idle past 2508 days)
Posts: 3119
From: U.K.
Joined: 01-24-2007


Message 307 of 353 (648671)
01-17-2012 1:55 PM
Reply to: Message 303 by New Cat's Eye
01-17-2012 1:20 PM


Re: how is it that we're here?
Catholic Scientist writes:
Further, I think that's what the catchphrase is getting at.
I wonder why it wasn't phrased: "Science answers the why questions, and religion answers the how questions."
Or: "Science answers the how questions, and religion answers the what questions."
Then, the type of people that I've noticed on the internet coming up with the ridiculous "science doesn't answer why questions" could instead make the equally silly mistakes of saying "science doesn't answer how questions" or "science doesn't answer what questions."
I say this because what, how and why can all be used to ask questions about the meaning and purpose of the world, and about the purposes and actions of God, Satan and the angels.
So, choosing how and why in the particular order they are chosen in statement three is actually pretty random.
A better statement would be: There are certain questions that science doesn't address, but which religion does, like "how many angels can dance on the head of a pin" and "how charitable should Christians be to non-believers" and "what was God's purpose in making the world".
As I say in the O.P., why pick on why?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 303 by New Cat's Eye, posted 01-17-2012 1:20 PM New Cat's Eye has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 309 by New Cat's Eye, posted 01-17-2012 3:05 PM bluegenes has replied

  
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