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Author | Topic: Do Animals Believe In Supernatural Beings? | |||||||||||||||||||
Jon Inactive Member |
The thread title stopped applying on page one. You have some catching up to do. Straggler has only repeated about 10 times what the moderator suggested the scope of the thread was. Sort the thread by his post alone and I'm sure you'll find it.
This explains quite a bit of the apparent confusion that has resonated through the last several pages of this thread. Perhaps Straggler should petition that one of the admins change the thread title. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
Can human infants think? Can chimpanzees? Can brain damaged humans who have lost the (mental) ability to use language properly? I'll have to repeat myself:
quote: And Mentalese, if even accurate, is only meant to explain propositional thoughts, not simple awareness of the world in general. If Mentalese really is the means by which folk process and manipulate propositional thoughts, then I'd say it is doubtful that human newborns and mentally undeveloped infants possess such a giftand I'd extend that doubt to many animals as well. Jon Edited by Jon, : clarification Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
Near the end when she says to put the water on the jelly, the chimp is grabbing the jelly before she gets to that part so it looks like it might just be mimicry, I dunno. Yes; a lot of the supposed demonstrations of animal language use are nothing but hoaxes. I am not aware of any that have stood up to scrutiny. The videos you linked to looked about as impressive as a dog playing dead. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
Not true at all. Chimps absolutely can learn and use language. This is from the Chimp and Human Communication Institute.
quote: I do not believe I've seen any of this stuff demonstrated; and your source is undoubtedly biased. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
I’ll ask you again — Can chimpanzees think? Sure. But that is not what is in question; the question is whether or not they possess the kind of thinking necessary for holding religious beliefs. Thinking is a very broad term that can apply to a wide range of brain activities: possessing the capability to perform one type of thinking does not automatically predispose one to possess the capability to perform any type of thinking. When the swinging monkey misses the higher branch and falls legs-open onto the branch below, he can run around thinking his nuts hurt; but that doesn't also mean he's going to pray to the great Monkey God to become more graceful in his tree climbing abilities. Certainly you can see the difference. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
If someone without language is incapable of abstract thought of any kind how can they grasp the concept that is language itself? The idea of sharing abstract labels for things so that you can communicate with others about them is an abstract concept in and of itself. If we couldn’t think without language we would never be able to grasp the concept of language itself. How do you get past this rather significant hurdle to your position?
Who says one must 'grasp the concept of language itself' in order to use Language? Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
Unless one can grasp the concept of "physical representations of reality" and the need to share these for purposes of communication no language is possible. And "physical representations of reality" (as Oni calls them) are (practically by definition) abstractions. What makes you think any of that is true? I don't see any reason why someone must 'grasp the concept of language itself' in order to use language, or 'grasp the concept of "physical representations of reality"' in order to utilize physical representations of reality.
There is a reason that a languageless Helen Keller could acquire language but that your dog cannot. Is there a reason why all your 'evidence' is just anecdotal?
Simply asserting that language is required for abstract thought of any kind is to miss the entire point. Do we know of any creature that possesses human-like abstract thought capabilities without also possessing human-like language abilities? Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
It is impossible to use or understand language without making the basic logical link between a representation (i.e. the sound, sign, symbol etc.) and the concept being represented. Without that logical link there is no meaning attached and no linguistic communication is possible. This has certainly been your claim, which you've repeated multiple times and for which you've yet to offer any evidence.
Do we invent language to express concepts or do we invent concepts to meet the requirements of existing language? I don't think Language is 'invented'; on top of that, I'd say it is most likely that Language and Concepts develop together within the cultural group.
Any reasonably developed human brain contains the conceptual framework required to mentally make sense of the environment it evolved in. Another claim yet to be supported by evidence. Developing a 'conceptual framework' is a pretty massive and intensive process; I've seen no evidence to date showing that such a task is possible without Language.
A conceptual framework for things like space, time, substance, number, causality, intention as well as the conceptual ability to make logical connections between these things. It is from this conceptual framework that all human languages are derived. Evidence for this?
Are you familiar with Chomsky's theory of universal grammar at all? Of course; and it's about as unevidenced as the claims you've so far been making.
The rarity of languageless people case studies (and their acquisition of language) is what makes them so valuable as insights into what abilities are and are not related to language. Yes, but all you have to report on such folk are talltalesyou've linked not to a singe scientific study of these people or their abilities. And even the reports to which you have linked only support what you've said very tenuously and under the influence of a heavy load of unsubstantiated assumptions.
Combine these with the (also rare but equally important) case studies of those with brain disorders that result in high linguistic ability but little comprehension (or vice versa) - And the conclusion that language is not essential for abstract thought seems clear. If you believe these case studies support your position, then please offer some links to them. The ones I've seen do not demonstrate at all the notion that higher-level thinking is possible without linguistic abilities.
Yes - The languageless humans in the case studies I have provided. If that is all the evidence you have for your position, then I'm afraid your claims are seriously undersupported.
Are you still asserting that language is required for abstract thought? If so on what evidential basis? I'm asserting that all the evidence we know of so far tells us that individuals (human or not) who do not possess, and/or never have possessed, normal linguistic abilities are not capable of normal higher-level thinking (what I believe you call 'abstract thought'). Presenting evidence to the contrary would, interestingly, be your job, and not mine. My role is simply telling you whether the evidence is convincing or not; so far it all sucks. ABE: Reply to Message 268
So what types of thinking are required for the most basic of "religious" beliefs? At the very least propositional thoughts.
I would say the following types of thinking are needed - An ability to ascribe intent. An ability to comprehend cause and effect. Then the ability to combine the two in the form of some conscious agent (whether "perceived" or imagined/dreamed). Okay; that's a startperhaps.
All the evidence indicates that all these forms of thought are available to intelligent non-humans such as chimps. Whatever this evidence might be, it is certainly not the evidence you've so far been presenting.
In fact far from requiring language as a basis for such forms of thinking the evidence suggests that human language is derived from these evolutionary originating conceptual frameworks Do you have any evidence for this? Jon Edited by Jon, : added reply Edited by Jon, : clarity Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
The cases of Helen Keller and Ildefonso are well cited in linguistic papers. That anecdotal evidence is hardly evidence. Since CS is doing a good job of addressing your use of such studies, I'll leave him to it; there's no reason for me to repeat him.
In addition I have suggested that we talk about linguistically challenged individuals suffering from Broca Aphasia. I don't think the studies related to Broca's Aphasia at all demonstrate what you wish to demonstrate. If you have a specific case study in mind, please link to it, and we can address why that study may or may not support your claims.
Here is a case study of that regarding 39-year-old Coast Guard radio operator named Ford Says I'm not allowed to access that page of the book. Do you have another link?
All the evidence suggests that language is not necessarily required for abstract thought. I am not sure I've claimed that one is required for the other; my contention is that the processes involved in each are so similar as to make the presence of one without the other quite remarkable. So remarkable, in fact, that the only time we may get even a glimpse at such a situation is in the odd case of specific and severe brain damage. And even then, demonstrating something like higher-level cognition without linguistic communication is extremely difficult and fraught with uncertainties. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
We have looked at languageless (but otherwise fully developed) humans and their ability to suddenly make the abstract logical link between representations and the concepts being represented (i.e. to grasp the abstract concept that is language itself). Huh? When? You have yet to offer a shred of evidence that learning Language requires a grasping of some set of abstract concepts and the logic that links them to certain representations. Showing that an individual was capable of learning Language does not show that they possessed an 'ability to suddenly make the abstract logical link between representations and the concepts being represented (i.e. to grasp the abstract concept that is language itself)'; your claim that this ability is required for Language development remains entirely unsubstantiated.
All of which rather pisses on the claim that the ability to think abstract thoughts is either synonymous with, or entirely dependent upon, linguistic ability. It is fortunate, then, that I've never made that claim.
Further to the above we have evidence that prelingual human infants have an ability to abstractly reason in terms of number, space and time that, again, is not dependent on communicative linguistic ability.
Link writes: Cognitive neuroscientists have shown that babies have an abstract numerical sense, as demonstrated by their ability to match the number of voices they hear to the number of faces they expect to see. This numerical perception across senses demonstrates that babies have a truly abstract sense of numerical concepts -- and not just one that is a function of a particular sense -- even before they learn to speak. Your threshold for 'abstractly reason' is so low as to be meaningless in the applications for which we are attempting to understand the process of 'abstract thought', namely, religious beliefs and behavior in non-humans.
Do you have any evidence at all for your claim that communicative language is required for abstract thought? I am not sure I've claimed that one is required for the other; my contention is that the processes involved in each are so similar as to make the presence of one without the other quite remarkable. So remarkable, in fact, that the only time we may get even a glimpse at such a situation is in the odd case of specific and severe brain damage. And even then, demonstrating something like higher-level cognition without linguistic communication is extremely difficult and fraught with uncertainties. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
The arguments and links I have provided demonstrate that abstract thought is not dependent on linguistic ability. If you disagree with this conclusion you need to provide positive evidence for your assertion. LOL. Whatever, Straggler. When your replies to Oni and CS devolve into similarly meaningless two-liners, they will hopefully do as I'm doing and leave you to your silly games. Later. Edited by Jon, : clarity, of course Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
As my participation in this thread is waning, I'll give some parting opinions on the latest arguments presented.
Straggler says:
quote: What is so inherently 'supernatural' about imagining an agent behind some event? As I mentioned before, your thresholds are so low on the matters of 'abstract thought' and 'supernatural beliefs' that there is nothing meaningful in addressing the questions; even if we answered the questions you've asked, it wouldn't really tell us anything we could use to conclude some sort of significant similarity to what we call human 'supernatural beliefs'. Oni says:
quote: Is this claim supportable? A lot of linguists (especially of the Chomskyan persuasion) argue that there is something instinctive/native about linguistic communication; unfortunately, the evidence offered never supports the claims they make. However, even if these linguists were correct, I don't believe the the type of language instinct for which they argue is at all similar to the instinct you've raised regarding animal communication behaviors. Briterican says:
quote: Fully agreed! This argument has been made numerous times in this thread by jar and myself; everytime it is ignored or replied to with irrelevancies. Unfortunately, I'm sure you can expect the same reaction... Y'all enjoy yourselves! Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
This whole thing arose because CS and Jon declared as fact that chimps were incapable of abstract thought (and thus beliefs) because they lacked language. As the thread is coming to a close, I figure I should set the final record straight here and mention that I never once made such an argument and repeatedly pointed out that not only was I not making that argument but that I did not also believe such an argument to have much weight. You're free to misrepresent me in your mind, though, Straggler. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
Secondly we have evidence that chimps possess the cognitive abilities that would seem to be required for some form of primordial supernaturalism. LOL. Still making this same old claim? Do you ever plan to support it?
Thirdly we know that we humans are evolved apes and that our cognitive abilities must have emerged at some point in our evolutionary path. Of course, they could be almost entirely learned, which newer and newer research is increasingly demonstrating as the likely case. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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Jon Inactive Member |
Your position here seems to demand that there exist a point on this line where the cognitive abilities required for full scale complex religious beliefs of the sort demonstrably present in modern humans suddenly just pops into existence without existing in any more primitive form in preceding ancestors. No, it doesn't.
If this is not what you are saying can you explain using this ancestor line analogy where it is you think the evidence indicates that primordial supernaturalism of the sort I have been talking about (i.e. NOT ritualistic religion of the sort you seem to be talking about) might emerge? I don't think that most of our cognitive abilitiesand certainly the ones tied to supernatural/religious beliefshave ever evolved; even the ones we see today are not there by evolutionary means. You cannot credit evolution for our intellect anymore than a man with a limp can credit evolution for giving him the leg in the first place that got run over by the tractor. Jon Check out No webpage found at provided URL: Apollo's Temple! Ignorance is temporary; you should be able to overcome it. - nwr
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