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Author Topic:   Chlorine for the gene pool?
pesto
Member (Idle past 5614 days)
Posts: 63
From: Chicago, IL
Joined: 04-05-2006


Message 16 of 17 (315402)
05-26-2006 1:21 PM
Reply to: Message 13 by EZscience
05-26-2006 12:40 PM


Re: A fascinating and original topic
If you want a disease example of this, the textbook one is scile cell anemia. With only one copy of the faulty gene, your resistance to malaria is increased. With two copies, your fitness is severely reduced. This is one of the few proven examples of 'overdominance' - heterozypotes being more fit than either homozygote. But that only holds in environments where malaria is a significant force on the population.
Heh. Yes, that had already crossed my mind. In this case we could use vaccines instead of relying on this potentially harmful gene. This would definitely be a case where by eliminating a genetic disease, we would also be eliminating a natrual immunity to another disease. We would really have to answer this question: Which would be worse, having a population at risk of Sickle Cell disease or at risk of Malaria?
For haemophilia, it is more black and white. There is no known benefit for heterozygotes and homozygotes are severely disadvantaged, so if you could detect and remove/correct the mutation in the zygote it would almost certainly be beneficial.
So, in this case, could we safely do away with the gene that causes haemophilia?
So, a bigger question might be, how would we decide which genes we could safely eliminate?
Edited by pesto, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 13 by EZscience, posted 05-26-2006 12:40 PM EZscience has replied

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 Message 17 by EZscience, posted 05-26-2006 1:41 PM pesto has not replied

  
EZscience
Member (Idle past 5181 days)
Posts: 961
From: A wheatfield in Kansas
Joined: 04-14-2005


Message 17 of 17 (315414)
05-26-2006 1:41 PM
Reply to: Message 16 by pesto
05-26-2006 1:21 PM


Re: A fascinating and original topic
pesto writes:
In this case we could use vaccines instead of relying on this potentially harmful gene.
There are vaccines, but its hard to get them to the vast population that needs them. The latest approach is to genetically engineer mosquitos that are resistant to the malarial parasite. If we can get a gene for malarial resistance to go to fixation in the vector population, that might be a semi-permanent solution, or certainly the most cost-effective one, while it lasts.
pesto writes:
Which would be worse, having a population at risk of Sickle Cell disease or at risk of Malaria?
Yes, and I think there are better ways to deal with malaria than counting on the sicle cell gene. But you see how this gene has evolved to be as prevalent as it is? It is only deleterious in the homozygote. So let's say the frequency of the SC allele is 1/20 in a population. The people actually suffering from SC is only 1/400 (we square the allelic frequency), whereas twice as many people (1/200) have the benefit of being a heterozygote.
pesto writes:
So, in this case, could we safely do away with the gene that causes haemophilia?
I expect so, and another might be the one that causes phenylketoneuria, the inability to metabolize phenylalanine. But you can never really 'do way' with them completely because they each probably have a 'de novo' mutation rate. They'll be recreated again at some point in a germ cell division and you'll never know where or in whom.
pesto writes:
So, a bigger question might be, how would we decide which genes we could safely eliminate?
Exactly. The 'black and white' mutations that are obviously deleterious are in the minority. The bulk of mutations are in some gray area and we have no way of judging their potential 'value' outside of present environmental conditions.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 16 by pesto, posted 05-26-2006 1:21 PM pesto has not replied

  
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