I seem to recall that's called a joint probability, but it's been four decades so I don't quite remember the terminology.
It's been almost six decades since I studied statistics, but I remember everything I learned because I have perfect recall. In fact, I can't think of a single thing that I've forgotten.
But, the key thing that you are leaving out of your analysis is
conditional probability for which you have to apply Bayesian statistics. So, in the case you consider of trying to roll a 4 with a six sided die, the probability of getting a 4 is indeed 1/6 ~ 0.16667
if you are an atheist. However, if you are a devout Christian, like candle2, and you add the condition of sincere prayer you can raise the probability to as high as 0.7346. The power of prayer has a multiplicative factor of 1 to 46378 (depending on which god you pray to). If you are an Ancient Greek and pray to the demigoddess Diana, you can only raise the odds to 0.1669 since Diana, being a demigoddess, has limited powers. However, if you are an Ancient Greek, then your are dead and those odds of rolling preferred numbers on dice is the least of your worries. These are all true facts. You can look them up. The real question here is why are you letting some ignorant schmuck take up any of your time! (I'm referring to candle2, not myself.)
Edited by AnswersInGenitals, .