photon decoupling is the stage in the "early" universe, about 300,000 yrs after the BB, when the atoms had expanded and cooled enough to allow photons to move without interacting with atoms' electrons. before this time, photons could not move far before interacting with electrons, preventing any information of the time before decoupling to be transmitted. afterwards, the universe was "transparent" to photons and they could then travel long distances without interaction.
entanglement is connecting two particles using their quantum properties i think.
quote: String theory predicts that perhaps gravity is so weak because it radiates out in more dimentions than, say, light.
i think string theory states that everything exists in all dimensions from light to frogs. we only perceive 3 spatially because after the big bang the other 8 dimensions collapsed do to their unique properties. i think that's what brain greene was trying to say anyway. hehe.