A factor that should included is whether the person making the false statement knows/believes that statement to be false.
A lie is a falsehood, but not all falsehoods are lies. As you say, for a falsehood to be a lie, the person telling that falsehood must know that it is false.
One of the problems in dealing with creationists is that it can be difficult to tell when they are lying or when they simply do not understand their own claims. Certainly, most of the rank-and-file do not understand what they are saying, but rather are just repeating what they had been told.
It's even difficult to tell when a professional creationist is lying. There is one case in which I am certain that Walter Brown was lying, that being with his rattlesnake protein claim (
http://cre-ev.dwise1.net/bullfrog.html#RATTLESNAKE) which, last I checked, still exists as a footnote in his on-line book. Many creationists' evasive behavior when asked for specifics about their claims is another give-away.
However, what is the effect of telling a falsehood? More to the point, what is the difference in the consequences of lying or of telling a falsehood that one believes to be true? Absolutely no difference whatsoever. Both do the same damage.