Still, how long did it take for the glaciers to advance? We are talking at least decades right and did they even reach Spain? You would think that they could have migrated out of the way.
You're asking if the glaciers made it all the way to Spain, right? No, I don't think so. Northern Europe, I'm not exactly sure of the extent. The timing is approximately right, though. The Last Glacial Period was from about 110,000 ya to 12,000 ya. with peak coverage at about 22,000 ya. The Neanderthals are thought to be extinct (or absorbed into the human population) somewhere between 25,000 and 30,000 ya. Denisovians disappear around the same time.
But I am not suggesting the glaciers ran over them, so it's not a matter of migrating out of the way. At the Last Glacial Maximum it is estimated that global temperature was 3
oC lower than normal. Just considering that today we are experiencing global climate change of 1
oC and the significant shifts in vegetation and animal populations that are occurring, that period would have experienced 3 times the effect.
So, my suspicion is that their food sources "migrated" while they did not. H. sapiens were then better at exploiting the changing environment and so were able to survive while the other hominid species were not.
There is also the possibility that the Neanderthals and Denisovians were simply bred out of existence by interbreeding with modern humans. But I would still see this as a byproduct of climate change. Why would there be significant population movement and intermingling except as a reaction to shortages of food. Additionally, I suspect H. sapiens were more aggressive and dominating than the other groups - just based on what I know about modern humans
HBD
Whoever calls me ignorant shares my own opinion. Sorrowfully and tacitly I recognize my ignorance, when I consider how much I lack of what my mind in its craving for knowledge is sighing for... I console myself with the consideration that this belongs to our common nature. - Francesco Petrarca
"Nothing is easier than to persuade people who want to be persuaded and already believe." - another Petrarca gem.
Ignorance is a most formidable opponent rivaled only by arrogance; but when the two join forces, one is all but invincible.