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Author | Topic: Mutation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
mark24 Member (Idle past 5226 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
Muhd,
Flavobacterial nylon digestion, where a single thymine deletion allowed the metabolism of nylon. Also, Barry Hall (Hall, 1982) effectively knocked out the lac operon in E.coli, only to see a new enzyme, expression control mechanism, & a new transport molecule that facilitates the movement of lactose into the cell evolve. So, not only have beneficial mutations been observed, but the evolution of complex systems too. Mark
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RRoman Inactive Member |
- antibiotic resistance in bacteria
- new strains of the flu - Multiple new strains of HIV in a person. In fact, the variation among strains of HIV within a single person exceeds the variation of the flu over several years by several order of magnitude! - pesticide resitance in insects - fungicide resistance in weeds - Human bones becoming stronger (High Bone Density Due to a Mutation in LDL-Receptor—Related Protein 5 | NEJM) - Adaptation to High and Low Temperatures by E. coli. quote: And my personal favorite, the story of Chlorella Vulagris
quote: quote: quote: And I found all this within 10 minutes of surfing the net, and remembering some of my high school biology classes. It astounds me that someone can reject one of the most well supported theories of the last hundred years without doing even 20 minutes of research, or educating oneself about the subject. Here is a nice quote which you would do well to remember:
quote: "Knowledge is Power" - Francis Bacon
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coffee_addict Member (Idle past 508 days) Posts: 3645 From: Indianapolis, IN Joined: |
This is beginning to look like a hit and run.
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SRO2  Inactive Member |
I call them "drive by postings".
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RRoman Inactive Member |
great, my entire post for nothing.
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mark24 Member (Idle past 5226 days) Posts: 3857 From: UK Joined: |
RRoman,
Not for nothing, I enjoyed it. Mark
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crashfrog Member (Idle past 1498 days) Posts: 19762 From: Silver Spring, MD Joined: |
let him speak for himself instead of second guessing eh? If he doesn't know what genetic dominance refers to, he's not going to understand how you misunderstood him. I was just trying to facilitate understanding on both sides.
My point was that the phrase as written was not what a biologist would say. I think it's safe to say that sometimes we have to make allowances for people who may not be familiar enough with the sciences to get the terms right.
and it doesn't have to become the most common in a population either, it can remain in a varietal subset of the population that eventually accumulates with other changes to cause a speciation separation from the general population. At which point it's the defining feature of that population, which is what he was saying. Look, the guy's a crank, I'm sure, but misrepresenting what he was saying doesn't serve anybody.
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Garf Inactive Member |
great, my entire post for nothing I liked it, and did learn something, so thanks.
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DC85 Member Posts: 876 From: Richmond, Virginia USA Joined: |
I do hate hit and run postings.... book mark this topic... Believe this annoying topic will come up again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again and again.... was I repeating myself?
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coffee_addict Member (Idle past 508 days) Posts: 3645 From: Indianapolis, IN Joined: |
What I find hit and run posters so annoying is that they are bound come back some time later and post the exact same rediculous argument all over again and we have to launch our nuclear strike against them again. Since they are immune to new information, they will come back again and again.
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Brad McFall Member (Idle past 5063 days) Posts: 3428 From: Ithaca,NY, USA Joined: |
What is "dominant" or not remains, but 'bit and hit' can not run if the economy of thought we have not had it engender is kept at the broad phylacteris without the legend "up to date." I guess you dismiss this?
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Servus Dei Inactive Member |
In perusing the board, I came across just what I was looking for: mutations. I am doing a paper on evolution, and I REALLY don't want to misrepresent it. Already, a few reasons have been stated as for how mutations are important and how they work, and I have a basic idea of all of that. I just had a few questions.
1) Assuming that benefits in mutations are helpful traits that increase the organism's (and its offspring's) chances of survival, what are some obvious practical mutations that caused man to evolve into what he is today? Do we know of any? 2) If mutations and natural selection are not the key ways that evolution occurs, what are? 3) How can examples such as finch beaks be used as proof of helpful mutations when no new species is created? (By this, I suppose I am assuming that the helpful mutations create new species - please correct me if I am wrong). I will probably have more questions later. Also, please try to describe stuff without a lot of the technical jargon that is sometimes used. When it is used, it becomes really boring and hard to understand. I want to write a paper that helps people to understand the issue, not get confused by it. And thanks for any help. Finally, this last part is the start of my section on the paper. Please point out any areas that seem to be wrong or something. As I said, I am doing this to understand the subject, and to represent evolutionists as they would want to be represented. If you can help out, great, if not, no problem. Thanks for any feedback. My Paper: Mutations and natural selection are the key factors that cause evolution. How do mutations and natural selection work? Mutations alter DNA, for the better or for worse. All organisms that are affected by mutations, if they have offspring, future generations are also affected by this mutation. Most mutations are harmful, but there are some that may, in some way, improve the organisms state of being. That is where natural selection plays its role. Natural selection destroys the weak organisms, while the strong ones survive. In a sense, natural selection is like a computer word processor, except in nature. Mutations spit out random letters into the evaluator, and if the letter is one that is going to be used to help construct the sentence the creator of the processor has programed it to create. Evolutionist claim that nature created this word selection processor. Mutations make a split in the line, and this is where the line in ancestors splits to create two or more new species. If the newly mutated form, such as a finch with a larger beak, can survive better because in hardships, it can reach the food source, and others cannot, then the mutated form lives on, and the old form dies out, via natural selection. How does nature know which creatures to select? Simply whichever species has the advantage, and can survive against the many threats of nature. The word processor does not have a selector in the sense that it has been preprogrammed to accept only the most robust letters. Only those letters survive the journey. Natural selection is close in relation to the survival of the fittest. If an organism can help out nature, and it can survive nature, it will continue to exist.
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crashfrog Member (Idle past 1498 days) Posts: 19762 From: Silver Spring, MD Joined: |
Do we know of any? Well-developed throats, large areas of the brain devoted to language, upright posture, thin body hair, large male genitals, etc.
If mutations and natural selection are not the key ways that evolution occurs, what are? Those are the key ways that evolution occurs, yes. Reproductive isolation is the key way that new species form.
How can examples such as finch beaks be used as proof of helpful mutations when no new species is created? (By this, I suppose I am assuming that the helpful mutations create new species - please correct me if I am wrong). Yeah, you're slightly wrong. Mutations don't create new species by themselves. It has to be mutation occuring in a situation of reproductive isolation. An isolated subpopulation accumulates mutations that aren't shared with the main population until the subpopulation is no longer able to breed with the main population. At that point you have a new species. When did it happen? Well, that's about as hard to answer as "when did it start raining?" Speciation is the result of a process, not an event in itself.
Most mutations are harmful This is wrong. Most mutations have no effect on the organism.
but there are some that may, in some way, improve the organisms state of being. You might want to keep in mind that it's only the environment that determines whether or not a mutation is harmful, neutral, or beneficial.
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Servus Dei Inactive Member |
Crashfrog: I had a few questions to your response (by the way, thanks for that)
How can one tell that the developed throats and brain are a result of mutations? Also, doesn't that assume right off that evolution is how we came to exist. (i'm not necessarily saying that's wrong, but just wondering) It also seems that it would be hard to tell the timing of these mutations, correct? Thanks for correcting me on the harmful part of mutations. Isn't it true that mutations are rather rare? How could the evolution of a species occurred if only a few, or a single species got that genetic mutation? Wouldn't the greater population of other (birds for example) make it so that the new mutated form would never get a chance to gain into a majority, unless you have a case of the reproductive isolation that you talked about? Even then, isn't it a bit extreme to say that all evolution happened due to reproductive isolation (maybe you don't say this, but that's what you seemed to imply)? And please pardon my ignorance, but how is it that the environment determines the outcome of mutations? I just have never heard of that before, and so I am curious.
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Coragyps Member (Idle past 765 days) Posts: 5553 From: Snyder, Texas, USA Joined: |
SD, you might want a peek at
Understanding Evolution - Your one-stop source for information on evolution High-school level stuff, and I'm sure there is plenty there on the role of mutations.
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