Phat writes:
Are the social sciences scientific?
Yes.
-ish.
This is how the social sciences are scientific:
- There are our best known method for identifying information about society
- They use transparent methods (ie - the process can be duplicated by others or criticized or identified as erroneous)
- Results are recorded and can be discussed in terms appropriate to the methods used
- As we learn better and better methods, these can be incorporated into the social sciences
This is how the social sciences are not-scientific:
- It is harder to "measure" how someone feels (ie - are you happy? On a scale of 1-10: how happy? Would you say you're more or less happy than that guy over there?) vs how much liquid is in a beaker (everyone gets the same measurements of mass or volume...).
Measuring things like happiness, or other social-related things, is really difficult. If someone's sad one day, and happy the next - what will their answer be to you if you ask them the first day vs. the next? What is the "real" answer? Is your "8" the same as my "8?" Are we even using the same scale?
- There are financial pressures from companies to abuse this difficulty and pressure the methodology developers and implementers into a result they want rather than the "real" result.
- Financial pressures can also make it difficult to duplicate a result - if a company gets the result they want, why would they pay to have a chance of the "real" result not being what they already have a report for?
Luckily, the transparent part of Science is still included - so these difficulties and pressures are known and (usually) listed. Going through the methodology for a hard-science paper is much easier - again, everyone gets the same result for measuring mass or volume. However, going through the methodology for a social-science is much more difficult. Did they attempt a different way of measuring "happiness?" Who paid for the methodology and did they have a hand in it or a conflict of interest?
Even if the problems are transparent and listed - how many people read through a methodology vs. just seeing the result and getting to say "Look! Look! The science supports meeeee!!!"
The good news is that science is self correcting - things will, and always do - get better, due to transparency and reproduction of results.
The bad news is that this takes time - it could be years or decades or even longer before everyone can trust the immediate results of the social sciences the way we can trust the immediate results of hard-sciences.
To say all social sciences should be accepted without question is pretty out there.
However, to say that all social sciences should be thrown out and can't be trusted - is equally out there (there certainly are "good ones.")
For now, it is prudent to scrutinize the methodology and look for any of the known possible issues.
This is generally done with the hard-sciences as well - it's just (currently) a lot easier for issues to occur in the social sciences.