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Author Topic:   Genesis "kinds" may be Nested Hierarchies.
dwise1
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Posts: 5930
Joined: 05-02-2006
Member Rating: 5.8


(2)
Message 61 of 218 (822386)
10-24-2017 12:32 AM
Reply to: Message 45 by Dredge
10-21-2017 9:30 PM


Re: Dredge: yes? Nested Hierarchies = kinds = clades
"Everybody knows that organisms get better as they evolve. They get more advanced, more modern, and less primitive. And everybody knows, according to Dan McShea (who has written a paper called Complexity and Evolution: What Everybody Knows), that organisms get more complex as they evolve. From the first cell that coalesced in the primordial soup to the magnificent intricacies of Homo sapiens, the evolution of life--as everyone knows--has been one long drive toward greater complexity. The only trouble with what everyone knows, says McShea, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Michigan, is that there is no evidence it’s true." - Onward and Upward?, discovermagazine.com, June 1993.
Too bad you always slept through English composition class. If you had stayed awake, you would have been able to understand that article.
You quoted the beginning of the article, not its conclusions. This article is structured to demonstrate that certain false and mistaken ideas and assumptions are wrong and the evidence shows what's really happening. That structure places the presentation of those false assumptions at the beginning of the article. If you had any clue how one would compose an article, then that should have been immediately apparent to you. Instead, you end up not being able to understand what the article says.
Another clue should have been the phrase, "Everybody knows". Well, everybody knows that when you start a sentence with "everybody knows" then you are talking about commonly held false assumptions and miscomprehensions. IOW, what "everybody knows" is wrong.
That is what that article is about, which you would have known had you bothered to read the rest of the article.
Or had you never even looked at the article, but instead fished that misquote out of a creationist quotemining site? You stupid idiot! Never ever trust what a creationist tells you! Creationists are nothing but liars and deceivers.

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dwise1
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Posts: 5930
Joined: 05-02-2006
Member Rating: 5.8


Message 62 of 218 (822512)
10-26-2017 10:01 PM
Reply to: Message 20 by Pressie
10-06-2017 5:23 AM


On the subject of being multilingual, I came across a few YouTube videos (there are many more!):
How Does Language Change Your Brain?.
This one gets into physical changes to the brain, mainly an actual increase in size of certain regions of the brain. Related to that was an article from the magazine, Science '80, in which researchers mapped out which parts of the brain process different kinds of sounds (ie, speech, music, natural noise) and compared their results between native speakers of Japanese and native speakers of European languages -- ie, which type of language your brain grew up on. What they found was that the brains of the two groups map very differently from each other. That was regardless of whether the person was of Japanese or European ancestry; the language the subjects grew up on was the only variable that made a difference.
How the Languages We Speak Shape the Ways We Think
My fellow German students were of the conceit that language shapes how we think. We could feel that subjectively and could tell subjectively that thinking in different languages just felt different. I even had the experience of working out a construction problem non-verbally and then tripping over my own tongue describing my answer because, although I was using English words, the structure of what I was saying was German and didn't work in English. Supporting that conceit was what a psychologist (a neighbor's sister) told me about how she had to learn Spanish in order to work with patients who were native speakers of Spanish even though they were fluent in English.
The benefits of a bilingual brain - Mia Nacamulli, TEDTalk
This one describes different kinds of bilingualism, such the differences between learning the second language as a very young child, as an older child, and as an adult.
Things Bilingual People Do
This one is mostly for fun, though polyglots should be able to relate to the things it brings up. For example, I've seen a guy get skewered for using German to talk about a girl without knowing that she could understand every word he was saying. Similarly, I have laughed before the rest of the movie audience because I didn't have to wait for the translation -- eg, in "A Bridge Too Far" when the German colonel (Max Schell) offers the defeated British general (Anthony Hopkins) some chocolate (Hopkins refuses, so Schell explains that it's from the British resupply drops into the drop zone the Germans had overrun). I can also relate to disagreeing with a movie's subtitles. Also, I cannot watch those videos which give the "Downfall" scene of Hitler's hissy fit entirely new subtitles so that he's livid over other things such as the ending of "Watchmen" was changed or that Star Trekiscovery (STD) is yet another prequel that will completely mess up canon -- I can hear that the subtitles have nothing to do with what Hitler is actually saying and I just can't take it.
There are many more such videos. There are also videos which discuss how polyglots tend to have different personalities when they're speaking in different languages. Some say that they're an introvert in one language and an extrovert in another. For example, one TEDTalk by a mathematician on how German helped him with poetry mentioned that while he is very shy in English and always hems and haws and beats around the bush, he is very direct in German mainly because he doesn't know enough German to be able to hem or haw or beat around the bush. As for myself, I feel like I assume different basic attitudes, such as doing the Gallic shrug when I'm thinking in French.

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dwise1
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Posts: 5930
Joined: 05-02-2006
Member Rating: 5.8


Message 63 of 218 (822513)
10-26-2017 10:02 PM
Reply to: Message 3 by Dredge
10-02-2017 3:25 AM


My understanding of what a nested hierarchy is is probably lacking. I like to think of the world's languages as nested hierarchies. God created different languages during the "Tower of Bable" incident (as you know) and they are distinct from each other. For example, German is distinct from Mandarin.
While the diagramming of the descent of languages within language families tends to may appear similar, they do not form nested hierarchies as exist in biology. A feature of the nested hierarchies of species is that the branchings that form remain distinct from the other parallel branchings, whereas that is not what happens in languages.
To illustrate that, here is an excerpt from the tree diagram of the Indo-European language family as posted on Wikipedia at Indo-European languages: Grouping (follow the link for a much more complete tree):
quote:
Proto-Indo-European
|
Indo-European
|
+--------+-------+------+--------+----+-----+-----+----------+
| | | | | | | | |
| Anatolian | Indo-Iranian | Celtic | Balto-Slavic |
Italic Hellenic Germanic Armenian Albanian
| |
Latino-Faliscan +-----+----+-------+
| | | |
Latin Old Norse West East
| | | | | |
Vulgar Latin |
| +---------------+--------------+------------+
Romance | | | |
| Low Franconian Old High German Old Saxon Anglo-Frisian
+--+-+-----+ | | | |
| | | | +------------+----------+ |
Italo-Western | | | |
| | Yiddish | |
Gallo-Iberian Central German Upper German Old English
| | | ^ |
Gallic +--+------+ +------+--+ | |
| | \ / | / |
Langue d'Ol Thuringian \ / Alemannic / |
| \ / / |
Norman \ / / |
French Standard German / English
V /
v /
:.>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>/

What we see here are two major places where the analogy with nested hierarchies completely falls apart.
In nested hierarchies, the species branching off into their own clades become increasingly reproductively isolated. At first it's because they're geographically isolated from each other or that they have become sexually isolated such that they don't recognize each other as potential mates. The potential for hybrids is there early after the branching off, but eventually they become too different genetically so that they are physically unable to produce offspring. At that point, you simply cannot have clades merging into each other.
Look at that reduced tree of the Indo-European language family (one of about 14 different language families: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_language_families). Under West Germanic, we see Old High German splitting off into Central German and Upper German, both of which then merge to form Standard German. That is not what you would expect to see in a nested hierarchy; once separate clades have established themselves, they remain separate.
English is even worse. English falls under West Germanic along the Anglo-Frisian divide. But then it merges with Norman French, which is from the Italic family, an entirely different "clade" from the Germanic. Even though English retains most of the Germanic grammatical structure, its vocabulary has become overwhelmingly French (only about 25% is from Old English), plus it has adopted some grammatical elements from French (eg, plural endings, "C'est moi!" (tonic) as opposed to "Das bin ich!" (nominative case) ).
Analogies can be useful to a degree, but you must be very careful to not try to carry them too far.
God created different languages during the "Tower of Bable" incident (as you know) and they are distinct from each other. For example, German is distinct from Mandarin.
No, they are not distinct from each other in the sense of nested hierarchies. Regardless of how distantly related they may be, two languages could somehow mix and merge into something different. In that respect, very different species (eg, from different families) cannot and hence are truly distinct from each other. Your attempt at an analogy fails.
However, your reference to "Tower of Bable" (S/B Babel) could open up an interesting discussion, assuming that you are not as abysmally ignorant of languages as you are of evolution and punctuated equilibrium.
From my earliest exposure to creationism (circa 1970), I've been hearing about a linguistical argument, but have never seen a proper form of it. Mainly they'd point to the "decline and simplification of languages" as evidence for the Fall, that nothing improves or becomes more complex, but rather deteriorates over time -- AKA their misunderstanding of thermodynamics and entropy.
A classic example I was given circa 1970 was how you could say something in Latin with just a few words that requires a lot of words in English (yes, the people presenting that argument did not know what they were talking about). Of course, that ignores the fact that Latin placed much more of the work on the listener who had to interpret what the speaker was saying, whereas in English the work has shifted to the speaker to choose the exact nuances of meaning that he wishes to convey. Similarly, a strongly inflected language tends to have very loose rules for word order whereas a non-inflected language tends to have very strict rules for word order since that's what must now convey the same amount of meaning.
As I said, I haven't come across a proper form of a creationist linguistics argument.

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Dredge
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Posts: 2850
From: Australia
Joined: 09-06-2016


Message 64 of 218 (822521)
10-26-2017 11:38 PM
Reply to: Message 55 by JonF
10-23-2017 6:49 AM


JonF writes:
The fact that life can be arranged in a nested hierarchy is an observation.
Don't be silly. It's not an "observation". It's an atheist fable which got its inspiration from a science-fiction novel written by Charles Darwin. Darwin, in turn, got the inspiration for his novel while under the influence of a large dose of the hallucinogen, mescaline, when he was in South America.

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Dredge
Member
Posts: 2850
From: Australia
Joined: 09-06-2016


Message 65 of 218 (822522)
10-26-2017 11:43 PM
Reply to: Message 48 by JonF
10-21-2017 9:54 PM


How does a playpus fit into a nested hierarchy?

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dwise1
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Posts: 5930
Joined: 05-02-2006
Member Rating: 5.8


Message 66 of 218 (822525)
10-27-2017 12:00 AM
Reply to: Message 64 by Dredge
10-26-2017 11:38 PM


Well, you've lied to us and you have repeatedly demonstrated your abysmal ignorance as well as your inability to read a popular science article and understand the most basic things that it said.
So please explain to us just why anything you post should be of any merit at all.
It's an atheist fable ...
Again with that idiotic false equivalence of science and atheism! I've asked you about that before and you avoided it completely. So then it's obviously and blatantly complete bullshit. So then every single time you try to bring that up we will know beyond a doubt that you are just trying to pull some truly idiotic bullshit.
If you have any actual reason to equate science with atheism, then do please present it for discussion.
I didn't think so.

{When you search for God, y}ou can't go to the people who believe already. They've made up their minds and want to convince you of their own personal heresy.
("The Jehovah Contract", AKA "Der Jehova-Vertrag", by Viktor Koman, 1984)
Humans wrote the Bible; God wrote the world.
(from filk song "Word of God" by Dr. Catherine Faber, http://www.echoschildren.org/CDlyrics/WORDGOD.HTML)
Of course, if Dr. Mortimer's surmise should be correct and we are dealing with forces outside the ordinary laws of Nature, there is an end of our investigation. But we are bound to exhaust all other hypotheses before falling back upon this one.
(Sherlock Holmes in The Hound of the Baskervilles)
Gentry's case depends upon his halos remaining a mystery. Once a naturalistic explanation is discovered, his claim of a supernatural origin is washed up. So he will not give aid or support to suggestions that might resolve the mystery. Science works toward an increase in knowledge; creationism depends upon a lack of it. Science promotes the open-ended search; creationism supports giving up and looking no further. It is clear which method Gentry advocates.
("Gentry's Tiny Mystery -- Unsupported by Geology" by J. Richard Wakefield, Creation/Evolution Issue XXII, Winter 1987-1988, pp 31-32)
It is a well-known fact that reality has a definite liberal bias.
Steven Colbert on NPR

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Pressie
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Posts: 2103
From: Pretoria, SA
Joined: 06-18-2010


Message 67 of 218 (822528)
10-27-2017 2:36 AM
Reply to: Message 62 by dwise1
10-26-2017 10:01 PM


Thanks Dwise. That was a very interesting post.
It will take some time to watch those videos. Looking forward to it.
My home language (Afrikaans) was derived from a west European language. I also took Setswana language courses and use that language often; the sentence structures are so different from west European languages that I felt it was impossible to ever learn such a language. At least the western alphabet is used which makes it easier.
I can't imagine how difficult it must be to learn languages such as Japanese or Cantonese!
Edited by Pressie, : No reason given.

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Tangle
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Posts: 9489
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Joined: 10-07-2011
Member Rating: 4.9


Message 68 of 218 (822529)
10-27-2017 3:36 AM
Reply to: Message 64 by Dredge
10-26-2017 11:38 PM


Dredge writes:
Don't be silly. It's not an "observation". It's an atheist fable which got its inspiration from a science-fiction novel written by Charles Darwin.
You continue to display total ignorance of the system you criticise, nested hierarchies where established a hundred years before Darwin by a Lutherian Christian, Carl Linnaeus.
The Earth's creation is the glory of God, as seen from the works of Nature by Man alone. The study of nature would reveal the Divine Order of God's creation, and it was the naturalist's task to construct a 'natural classification' that would reveal this Order in the universe."
quote:
The Linnaean system classified nature within a nested hierarchy, starting with three kingdoms. Kingdoms were divided into classes and they, in turn, into orders, and thence into genera (singular: genus), which were divided into Species (singular: species).[151] Below the rank of species he sometimes recognised taxa of a lower (unnamed) rank; these have since acquired standardised names such as variety in botany and subspecies in zoology. Modern taxonomy includes a rank of family between order and genus and a rank of phylum between kingdom and class that were not present in Linnaeus' original system.[152]
Linnaeus' groupings were based upon shared physical characteristics, and not simply upon differences.[152] Of his higher groupings, only those for animals are still in use, and the groupings themselves have been significantly changed since their conception, as have the principles behind them. Nevertheless, Linnaeus is credited with establishing the idea of a hierarchical structure of classification which is based upon observable characteristics and intended to reflect natural relationships.[149][153] While the underlying details concerning what are considered to be scientifically valid "observable characteristics" have changed with expanding knowledge (for example, DNA sequencing, unavailable in Linnaeus' time, has proven to be a tool of considerable utility for classifying living organisms and establishing their evolutionary relationships), the fundamental principle remains sound.
The thing about science is that because it's founded on observation and experiment, it can be reproduced and confirmed by anyone with a wiil to do it. You can do it yourself with taxonomy - go outside find a beetle and pickup a biological 'identification key' and see how well it works.
Of course, you won't. What you'll do is continue reading crap on creationist web sites, not really understanding it, then re-posting it here as one liners and not respond to the real information you're given in reply. This means that you'll just repeat your lies in another month as though nothing has happened.
Carry on, you're doing a great job of discrediting your religion, it's totally dishonest.

Je suis Charlie. Je suis Ahmed. Je suis Juif. Je suis Parisien. I am Mancunian. I am Brum. I am London.I am Finland. Soy Barcelona
"Life, don't talk to me about life" - Marvin the Paranoid Android
"Science adjusts it's views based on what's observed.
Faith is the denial of observation so that Belief can be preserved."
- Tim Minchin, in his beat poem, Storm.

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Pressie
Member
Posts: 2103
From: Pretoria, SA
Joined: 06-18-2010


Message 69 of 218 (822530)
10-27-2017 6:36 AM
Reply to: Message 64 by Dredge
10-26-2017 11:38 PM


This one was funny to me.
Dredge writes:
...It's not an "observation"...
Really? It sure is an observation. We can observe that a Platypus is a mammal. Tits and those head bones. Mammalia. And the DNA sequencing. Mammalia.
Edited by Pressie, : No reason given.
Edited by Pressie, : No reason given.

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jar
Member (Idle past 393 days)
Posts: 34026
From: Texas!!
Joined: 04-20-2004


Message 70 of 218 (822531)
10-27-2017 6:45 AM
Reply to: Message 64 by Dredge
10-26-2017 11:38 PM


Once again reality shows you are simply wrong. While it's possible, barely possible, that you are really just ignorant that is becoming increasingly unlikely.
Both the Fact of Evolution as well as the fact that the Theory of Evolution is the only explanation that has ever been presented or tested are both supported by the majority of the recognized Christian faiths. Only the Christian Cult of Ignorance & Dishonesty deny those two facts.

My Sister's Website: Rose Hill Studios My Website: My Website

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JonF
Member (Idle past 167 days)
Posts: 6174
Joined: 06-23-2003


Message 71 of 218 (822534)
10-27-2017 9:09 AM
Reply to: Message 64 by Dredge
10-26-2017 11:38 PM


Don't be silly. It's not an "observation". It's an atheist fable which got its inspiration from a science-fiction novel written by Charles Darwin
Can I have some of what you are smoking?
No doubt I'm late to the party, but Carolus Linnaeus first published the nested hierarchy (without calling it that) in 1736.

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RAZD
Member (Idle past 1404 days)
Posts: 20714
From: the other end of the sidewalk
Joined: 03-14-2004


Message 72 of 218 (822535)
10-27-2017 9:15 AM
Reply to: Message 65 by Dredge
10-26-2017 11:43 PM


platypus nested hierarchy
How does a playpus fit into a nested hierarchy?
quote:
Wikipedia Platypus:
The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), sometimes referred to as the duck-billed platypus, is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. Together with the four species of echidna, it is one of the five extant species of monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving birth. The animal is the sole living representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though a number of related species have been found in the fossil record. ...
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Monotremata
Family: Ornithorhynchidae
Genus: Ornithorhynchus
Species: O. anatinus
... In fact, modern monotremes are the survivors of an early branching of the mammal tree, and a later branching is thought to have led to the marsupial and placental groups.[66][68] Molecular clock and fossil dating suggest platypuses split from echidnas around 19—48 million years ago.[69]
The oldest discovered fossil of the modern platypus dates back to about 100,000 years ago, during the Quaternary period. The extinct monotremes Teinolophos and Steropodon were once thought to be closely related to the modern platypus,[67] but are now considered more basal taxa.[71] The fossilised Steropodon was discovered in New South Wales and is composed of an opalised lower jawbone with three molar teeth (whereas the adult contemporary platypus is toothless). The molar teeth were initially thought to be tribosphenic, which would have supported a variation of Gregory's theory, but later research has suggested, while they have three cusps, they evolved under a separate process.[72] The fossil is thought to be about 110 million years old, making it the oldest mammal fossil found in Australia. Unlike the modern platypus (and echidnas), Teinolophos lacked a beak.[71] ...
Reconstruction of ancient platypus relative Steropodon
               ┌────Platypus

┌───────┤
│ │
│ └────Echidnas

───────┤
│ ┌────Marsupials
│ │
│ live birth │
└──────────────┤
│ true placenta
└─────────────────Eutherians
Evolutionary relationships between the platypus and other mammals.[70]
Also:
quote:
Mammalia
Mammaliformes

└─Mammalia
├─Australosphenida
│ ├─Ausktribosphenidae
│ └─Monotremata
└─┬─Triconodonta
└─┬─Spalacotheroidea
└─Cladotheria
├─Dryolestoidea
└─Theria

├─Metatheria
└─Eutheria
Monotremata: Ornithorhynchos (platypus), Steropodon, Tachyglossus (echidna).
fr lwK of Aus & SAm.
Australosphenida : Ausktribosphenidae + *.
Teeth absent in adults; molars have two transverse ridges, perhaps not comparable to trigon - trigonid; dentary slender, with low or absent coronoid process; jaw opened with detrahens muscle (Vth nerve only); post-dentary bones fully incorporated into ear, but external auditory meatus lies at posterior base of jaw; Platypus cochlea coiled [H+97]; jugal reduced or absent; anterior extensions of petrosal cover much of therian alisphenoid area; skull bones fuse early in life; cervical ribs present; pectoral girdle primitive with strong ventral elements (both coracoids, clavicle & interclavicle); interclavicle rigidly bound to clavicles [H+97]; scapula robust and provides rigid connection; humerus remains horizontal to substrate; pelvic girdle similar to therians, but with widely angled anterolaterally directed epipubic bones; median spurs on ankles; metabolic rate lower than therian mammals; electrosensory system in rostrum; lack effective evaporative cooling; single urogenital sinus with cloaca; scrotum absent; oviparous, but egg is retained for some time in the uterus and actively provided nutrients by mother; egg not calcified; lactation, but nipples absent; prolonged brooding; low reproduction rate, with individuals very long-lived; all living species fossorial (platypus is aquatic & fossorial).
So I can expand the monotreme branch as follows:
Mammaliformes

└─Mammalia
├─Australosphenida
│ ├─Ausktribosphenidae
│ └─Monotremata │ └─Monotremata
│ ├─Steropodon or │ ├─Steropodon
│ ├─Ornithorhynchos (platypus) │ │ └─Ornithorhynchos (platypus)
│ └─Tachyglossus (echidna) │ └─Tachyglossus (echidna)
└─┬─Triconodonta
└─┬─Spalacotheroidea
└─Cladotheria
├─Dryolestoidea
└─Theria

├─Metatheria (marsupials)
└─Eutheria (placental mammals, including humans)
quote:
Theria: Deltatherium, Kielantherium. LCA wallabies and Wallace.
Fr mK.
Cladotheria: Dryolestoidea + *: Metatheria + Eutheria.
No quadrate-articular jaw articulation; all post-dentary bones incorporated into middle ear; tribosphenic molar; jaw opened by digastric muscle (ennervated by Vth & VIIth nerves); $ facial muscles (derived from neck constrictor colli, VIIth nerve); $ spiral cochlea; auditory pinna (external ear); $ able to seal pharynx with tongue and/or epiglottis (for suckling, swallowing by mouthfuls); scapula with supraspinous fossa; loss or fusion of coracoid elements; scapulae move independently around its dorsal border, held in place only by muscles and soft tissues of "scapular sling"; $ supracoracoideus (humeral protractor) reorganized as infraspinatus and supraspinatus which stabilize humerus; $ crurotarsal ankle joint with flexion between tibia and astragalus, astragalus proximal to calcaneum, and gastrocnemius inserting on calcaneal heel; $ mammary glands with nipples (derived from apocrine or sebaceous glands); $ viviparity, with no egg shell; separate anal & urogenital openings; skin with free nerve endings (pain receptor?), Pacinian corpuscles, growing hair, sebaceous, apocrine (and eccrine glands in some specialized forms), and numerous neuroreceptors for touch, temperature, stretch, etc.
Note: " mammary glands with nipples (derived from apocrine or sebaceous glands);" and viviparity (live birth)
Or as Ogden Nash Wrote:
The Platypus
I like the duck-billed platypus
Because it is anomalous.
I like the way it raises its family
Partly birdly, partly mammaly.
I like its independent attitude.
Let no one call it a duck-billed platitude.
Note that this is two different sources that give the same information. One very easy to find if you want to learn instead of troll.
Enjoy
Edited by RAZD, : graphics
Edited by RAZD, : ogden
Edited by RAZD, : optional arrangement

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 Message 65 by Dredge, posted 10-26-2017 11:43 PM Dredge has replied

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 Message 82 by Dredge, posted 11-06-2017 1:12 AM RAZD has replied

  
JonF
Member (Idle past 167 days)
Posts: 6174
Joined: 06-23-2003


(1)
Message 73 of 218 (822536)
10-27-2017 9:18 AM
Reply to: Message 65 by Dredge
10-26-2017 11:43 PM


Classifying the Platypus
quote:
Domain: Eukarya
The Platypus has Eukaryotic cells with membrane bound organelles.
Kingdom: Animalia
The Platypus responds to stimuli and are multicelluar organisms.
Phylum: Chordata
The Platypus has a ventral nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and a tail. There are also three subphyla of Chordata, the Platypus belongs in the Vertebrata.
Class: Mammalia
The Platypus produces milk for the young through mammary glands like all mammals. It also is warm blooded and has three specialized bones in the ear for hearing, also it has no visible ears.
Order: Monotremata
A monotreme is simply a mammal that produces young by eggs instead of having live-birth.
Family: Ornithorhynchidae
The Platypus is the sole survivor of the whole family of the Ornithorhynchidae. They are characterized by having the duck-bill [very different from a duck's bill although similar appearance - JonF], a flat tail for swimming and have hard plates in the mouth, instead of teeth.
Genus: Ornithorhynchus
Any Ornithorhynchus is a member of the family, Ornithorhynchidae, in which case, it must be a Platypus!
Species: Ornithorhynchus anatinus
Fossilworks: Ornithorhynchidae :
quote:
Family Ornithorhynchidae Gray 1825 (platypus)
Osteichthyes - Monotremata
PaleoDB taxon number: 39738
Parent taxon: Monotremata according to T. Rowe et al. 2008
See also Archer et al. 1985, Archer et al. 1992, Bonaparte 1850, Carroll 1988, Cope 1889, Flower 1883, Flower and Lydekker 1891, Gelfo et al. 2007, Griffiths et al. 1991, Lydekker 1894, Nowak 1991, Pascual et al. 2002, Rich et al. 2005 and Woodburne and Tedford 1975
Sister taxa: Echidnidae, Kollikodontidae, Kryoryctes, Platypoda, Steropodontidae, Tachyglossa, Tachyglossidae
Subtaxa: Monotrematum, Obdurodon, Ornithorhynchus, Steropodon, Teinolophos
View classification
Ecology: scansorial insectivore-herbivore
Environments: fluvial (3 collections), terrestrial (2), (1), lacustrine (1), estuary/bay (1), mire/swamp (1), marginal marine (1)
Age range: 122.46 to 0.0 Ma
Distribution:
Quaternary of Australia (2 collections)
Pliocene of Australia (2)
Miocene of Australia (2)
Oligocene to Miocene of Australia (3)
Paleocene of Argentina (1)
Cretaceous of Australia (2)
Total: 12 collections each including a single occurrence
quote:
Come forth from thy oozy couch,
O Ornithorhynchus dear!
And greet with a cordial claw
The stranger that longs to hear
From thy own lips the tale
Of thy origin all unknown:
Thy misplaced bone where flesh should be
And flesh where should be bone;
And fishy fin where should be paw,
And beaver-trowel tail,
And snout of beast equip'd with teeth
Where gills ought to prevail.
Anonymous, quoted by Mark Twain

This message is a reply to:
 Message 65 by Dredge, posted 10-26-2017 11:43 PM Dredge has not replied

  
dwise1
Member
Posts: 5930
Joined: 05-02-2006
Member Rating: 5.8


(1)
Message 74 of 218 (822544)
10-27-2017 11:19 AM
Reply to: Message 67 by Pressie
10-27-2017 2:36 AM


I have studied Japanese on my own. Very different sentence structure. They don't even have adjectives, but rather verbs (ie, not "green" but rather "is green", ignoring the fact that green and blue are the same color, just different shades), such that attaching attributive adjectives requires using clauses.
Other than that and Hebrew, all my language learning has been Indo-European (or as we learned in German linguistics classes, Indo-Germanisch). Some of the videos I watched talk about Australian languages in which there's no such thing as left or right, but rather all references to direction are absolute (north, south, east, west).
Another point that was made was that as a polyglot hears incoming words, he processes them in parallel in each of the languages he knows. That makes for a much more active brain.
At least the western alphabet is used which makes it easier.
I've actually found that learning a new alphabet is the easiest part. Of course, I never could learn Arabic writing on my own.
Funny story. My first lessons in Hebrew were at a fundamentalist church during the "Jesus Freak" movement circa 1970. We were learning the alphabet via flash cards. Somebody walked in and joined us, then returned the next week or the second lesson. However, he had only seen the letters up-side-down, so he couldn't recognize them in the second lesson and so had to relearn them.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 67 by Pressie, posted 10-27-2017 2:36 AM Pressie has not replied

  
Taq
Member
Posts: 9970
Joined: 03-06-2009
Member Rating: 5.6


(4)
Message 75 of 218 (822552)
10-27-2017 11:49 AM
Reply to: Message 65 by Dredge
10-26-2017 11:43 PM


Dredge writes:
How does a playpus fit into a nested hierarchy?
They have a mixture of features shared by placental mammals and reptiles which is what we would expect if mammals evolved from earlier reptiles. That puts their branch right at the base of the mammal tree. They have a cloaca, lay leathery eggs, and have legs that splay out from their torso like reptiles. They have three middle ear bones, fur, and mammary glands like more derived mammals. They fit perfectly in the expected nested hierarchy.
Edited by Taq, : No reason given.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 65 by Dredge, posted 10-26-2017 11:43 PM Dredge has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 77 by jar, posted 10-27-2017 11:55 AM Taq has not replied
 Message 84 by Dredge, posted 11-06-2017 1:18 AM Taq has replied

  
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