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Author Topic:   SCIENCE: -- "observational science" vs "historical science" vs ... science.
Coyote
Member (Idle past 2127 days)
Posts: 6117
Joined: 01-12-2008


Message 511 of 614 (736133)
09-03-2014 11:15 PM
Reply to: Message 510 by Percy
09-03-2014 3:31 PM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
Good points, though I do think I'll try to keep things more simple in the discussion with Faith where she's claiming we can't prove anything about the distant past. Hopefully she'll eventually come to understand that we're not trying to prove things about the ancient past, we're only trying to examine and analyze evidence from the ancient past to see what it can tell us. It turns out it can tell us quite a bit.
Faith doesn't care about evidence and theory and all that scientific stuff. All she cares about is supporting and maintaining her biblical belief system.
This is what leads her to require "proof" (a level which for her is unattainable outside of the bible), rather than theory (which is the highest level of documentation that scientists use).
This is exactly the creationist mindset that leads to "You can't prove it, its just a theory." This comes not so much from ignorance, but from rejection of science and the scientific method in favor of biblical "certitudes."
Trying to convince Faith and those like her is an uphill battle, because they normally will not accept what we consider to be evidence when that evidence contradicts their biblical beliefs.
They will instead create elaborate scenarios and "what-ifs" and "potentials" that, to their way of thinking, will allow them to maintain their belief systems. When disproved, they will create new scenarios, etc. and soldier on, eventually retreating back to ones that have long since been disproved.
Evidence and facts are not acceptable if they don't support their goal, and their goal is not learning, but supporting and maintaining their beliefs. In this, science is very often the enemy, to be denied and denigrated whenever it contradicts those beliefs.
Faith and those like her are a great case-study in rationalization: as we have seen, they can rationalize most anything.
As Heinlein noted:
Theology is never any help; it is searching in a dark cellar at midnight for a black cat that isn't there. Theologians can persuade themselves of anything.
Robert A. Heinlein

Religious belief does not constitute scientific evidence, nor does it convey scientific knowledge.
Belief gets in the way of learning--Robert A. Heinlein
How can I possibly put a new idea into your heads, if I do not first remove your delusions?--Robert A. Heinlein
It's not what we don't know that hurts, it's what we know that ain't so--Will Rogers
If I am entitled to something, someone else is obliged to pay--Jerry Pournelle
If a religion's teachings are true, then it should have nothing to fear from science...--dwise1
"Multiculturalism" does not include the American culture. That is what it is against.

This message is a reply to:
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Replies to this message:
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dwise1
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Posts: 5946
Joined: 05-02-2006
Member Rating: 5.6


(5)
Message 512 of 614 (736135)
09-04-2014 4:25 AM
Reply to: Message 511 by Coyote
09-03-2014 11:15 PM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
Actually, Faith's beliefs are not based on the Bible itself, but rather on her theology. She says it's based on the Bible, but that's because her theology tells her that it is based on the Bible. Her religious faith does not depend on the truth of the Bible itself, but rather on the truth of her theology which claims that it must be true in order for God to exist, etc, etc, etc. It is not the Bible itself that informs Faith, but rather her theology which dictates to her what the Bible is, what it says, and what it must mean. Not only does it dictate to her that the Bible must be perfect and inerrant and infallible, but also, albeit possibly indirectly, that her theology itself must also share those same properties of perfection and inerrancy and infallibility that it bestows on the Bible.
The problem is that her theology has far overextended its bounds, which is also true of other creationists' theologies. Since the supernatural is unobservable and untestable, statements about the supernatural are also untestable. Anybody can make any pronouncement he wants to about the supernatural and there is no way that anybody could possibly test that pronouncement and hence cannot determine whether it is true or not. The same holds true of the supernaturalistic claims of any and all theologies. Nobody can prove them nor disprove them. No militant atheist could ever disprove the possibility of the existence of "God" (whichever of the myriad definitions you may choose to apply), while at the same time even the most militant religionist could ever prove the existence of "God". Each and every theology making supernaturalistic claims is exempt from being disproved.
However, that all falls apart when the theology in question makes testable statements about the real world, statements that can indeed be tested.
After Judge Overton's decision in the 1981 Arkansas "Balanced Treatment" creationist lawsuit, a philosopher of science, Larry Laudan, published an article critical of that decision (Science at the Bar- Causes for Concern by Larry Laudan, from Science, Technology and Human Values 7, no. 41 (1982):16-19, reprinted on pages 351-355 of Michael Ruse's But Is It Science.) I heard the ICR's Dr. Duane Gish refer to it in a debate I attended, so I followed up with a letter asking about that reference, whereupon he mailed me a xerox of that article. On-line, I later learned that Phillip Johnson also misused that article. Larry Laudan's main concerns was that Judge Overton's definitions and tests for what is science and what is not were based on wrong ideas and assumptions and would eventually come back to bite us (and you all know where we will be bitten). Of course, all the creationists seized upon that article to support their position, whereas in reality it denounced that position most definitely. Here it is:
quote:
At various key points in the Opinion, Creationism is charged with being untestable, dogmatic (and thus non-tentative), and unfalsifiable. All three charges are of dubious merit. For instance, to make the interlinked claims that Creationism is neither falsifiable nor testable is to assert that Creationism makes no empirical assertions whatever. This is surely false. Creationists make a wide range of testable assertions about empirical matters of fact. Thus, as Judge Overton himself grants (apparently without seeing its implications), the creationists say that the earth is of very recent origin (say 6,000 to 20,000 years old); they argue that most of the geological features of the earth's surface are diluvial in character (i.e., products of the postulated worldwide Noachian deluge); they are committed to a large number of factual historical claims with which the Old Testament is replete; they assert the limited variability of species. They are committed to the view
that, since animals and man were created at the same time, the human fossil record must be paleontologically co-extensive with the record of lower animals. It is fair to say that no one has shown how to reconcile such claims with the available evidence- evidence which speaks persuasively to a long earth history, among other things.
In brief, these claims are testable, they have been tested, and they have failed those tests.
The problem for Faith is that her theology has over-extended itself severely and tragically. It has made several claims about the real world which are simply not true. By its very nature, it has proclaimed that if those several contrary-to-fact claims it has made about the real world are not true, then God does not exist (or something equally catastrophic for a Christian who clings desperately to this theology). Those claims her theology makes about the real world are testable, they have been tested, and they have failed those tests.
To be honest, I applaud Faith's theology for having accomplished the impossible. Even the most militaristically anti-God atheist or philosopher or scientist could never ever possibly succeed in disproving the existence of God. Nor could the most devout Christian be able to objectively prove the existence of God. Either way, it is unprovable. And yet the creationists have broken that nut, have cut through that Gordian knot, have achieved the impossible. Simply by accepting the creationists' premise that if their claims are false then there is no God, the very fact that their claims are indeed false does indeed prove that there is no God. QED.
Thank you, Faith, for your service to all of Mankind in ridding us of the gods!
Yes, of course, Faith's premises are false! But how many atheists today can trace their decision back to Faith's basic premise, that if her claims are false then atheism is the only option? And her claims are most clearly false.
Faith, I am not an anti-religion atheist. I do accept that religion can provide an individual a path to spiritual growth. I also do not believe that Christians should be driven away from their religion by "creation science." But your theology requires them to do just that.
Evidence and facts are not acceptable if they don't support their goal, and their goal is not learning, but supporting and maintaining their beliefs. In this, science is very often the enemy, to be denied and denigrated whenever it contradicts those beliefs.
We have seen this in action many times. A local "creation science" activist has provided an example: http://chiefwise.tripod.com/morgan/transcript/MORGN00A.TXT. So what does depletion of the ozone layer have to do with creationism? Nothing whatsoever. Rather, this local creationist, Bill Morgan, was trying to use this claim to cast doubt on science itself.
Bill Morgan was trying to argue that scientists were being misguided by laboratory experiments detached from real-world measurements, whereas in reality the data was from sounding rockets taking direct empirical measurements of refrigerant molecules actually present in in the upper atmosphere. Bill Morgan's main argument was an argument from ignorance, in that he personally could not think of how a heavy refrigerant molecule could have been transported into the upper atmosphere. Never mind that sounding rockets taking atmospheric samples at those altitudes directly and empirically found those refrigerant molecules to be present at those altitudes. After about 13 years of pounding on that idiot, he finally agreed to take down that article from his site, although he still maintained that if he personally could not imagine how something could happen, then it could not possibly happen. At present, his entire site is down for reorganization; we can only wait and wonder whether his ozone layer lie will reappear.
If Faith wants support or at least a lack of contradiction to the contrary-to-fact claims that her fragile faith depends, then she should distance herself as far from reality as possible.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 511 by Coyote, posted 09-03-2014 11:15 PM Coyote has replied

Replies to this message:
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Percy
Member
Posts: 22480
From: New Hampshire
Joined: 12-23-2000
Member Rating: 4.8


Message 513 of 614 (736137)
09-04-2014 8:16 AM
Reply to: Message 506 by herebedragons
09-03-2014 1:00 PM


Re: Reply to "What I mean by the Unwitnessed Past"
herebedragons writes:
The lack of statistics apparently was not a concern of the Noble committee.
Keep in mind that the structure that Watson and Crick proposed was hotly debated for about 25 years after their publication.
You must be thinking of something else, maybe something about Rosalind Franklin, because there was certainly never any controversy about the structure of DNA after the publication of the Crick/Watson paper, and that it was "hotly debated for about 25 years" is a complete fiction. The Nobel Prize isn't given for discoveries that are still being "hotly debated," and Crick, Watson and Wilkins received the Nobel Prize in 1962, only nine years after their discovery. By the time I took biology in 1966, the double helical structure of DNA was already in the textbook (BSCS series). When James Watson's book The Double Helix came out in 1968 there was no storm of controversy, and here's Watson's own account of how easy it is to recognize a helical structure:
James Watson in The Double Helix writes:
When I asked what the pattern was like, Maurice went into the adjacent room to pickup a print of the new form they called the "B" structure.
The instant I saw the picture my mouth fell open and my pulse began to race. The pattern was unbelievably simpler than those obtained previously ("A" form). Moreover, the black cross of reflections which denominated the picture could arise only from a helical structure.
As near as I can gather from a quick scan of my copy of The Double Helix, when he worked out the basics of the double helical structure Watson was working from his recollection of the print of the "B" form and a mimeograph of research results from Wilkins lab that I assume included measurements. Whether it also included statistical analyses Watson doesn't say.
It wasn't until data upon data was collected and observation after observation was made that critics were silenced.
Well, of course, this is the way science works, but what makes you think it took an incredible 25 years? Just based on my knowledge of the period, finding the structure of DNA was considered the Holy Grail of that field at the time. Everyone was racing to beat everyone else, including Linus Pauling. Crick and Watson's work was probably verified within weeks. In fact, I just found the passage in The Double Helix where Watson describes his communications with Pauling before the paper was even published in Nature. Pauling met with them in Cambridge on the eve of publication:
James Watson writes:
Though he [Pauling] still wanted to see the quantitative measurements of the King's lab, we supported our argument by showing him a copy of Rosy's original B photograph. All the right cards were in our hands and so, gracefully, he gave his opinion that we had the answer.
To the extent there was any controversy, it was over before the paper was even published, and it certainly didn't last any 25 years.
Statistics certainly came into play during that whole process.
I didn't say it didn't. I said there are no statistics in the Crick/Watson paper. The Double Helix also makes no mention of statistics. Watson says "measurements." The measurements were key because it told them how much space was available to fit the base pairs, and with that information they were able to deduce the base pair configuration within the helical backbone.
I only offered the example of the Crick/Watson paper as a counterexample to PaulK's statement that "any quantitative result...will involve statistics." I wasn't denigrating statistics or their importance to science. I *love* statistics. I was just objecting to an overly broad statement.
--Percy

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Coyote
Member (Idle past 2127 days)
Posts: 6117
Joined: 01-12-2008


Message 514 of 614 (736143)
09-04-2014 8:46 AM
Reply to: Message 512 by dwise1
09-04-2014 4:25 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
If Faith wants support or at least a lack of contradiction to the contrary-to-fact claims that her fragile faith depends, then she should distance herself as far from reality as possible.

This message is a reply to:
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NoNukes
Inactive Member


Message 515 of 614 (736148)
09-04-2014 9:52 AM
Reply to: Message 513 by Percy
09-04-2014 8:16 AM


Re: Reply to "What I mean by the Unwitnessed Past"
The Nobel Prize isn't given for discoveries that are still being "hotly debated,
I think this is right. But the process of building the consensus might involve than just showing a single paper.
Also, while the double helix is a striking and important feature of the molecule, Watson, Crick et al. + Franklin figured out a lot more about the structure of DNA than that. The Nobel prize was not awarded for just recognizing the helical structure.

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846)
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him. Galileo Galilei
If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. Frederick Douglass

This message is a reply to:
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Taq
Member
Posts: 10034
Joined: 03-06-2009
Member Rating: 5.4


Message 516 of 614 (736192)
09-04-2014 9:51 PM
Reply to: Message 460 by Percy
08-30-2014 10:37 AM


Re: Reply to "What I mean by the Unwitnessed Past"
What I mean by the Unwitnessed Past was posted yesterday. There's nothing new here. She repeats the same arguments and addresses none of the criticisms. It's likely she doesn't understand the criticisms since she quotes Taq's Message 459 (which is polite and describes her position fairly accurately), then calls it too abstract to be saying anything meaningful. She still believes that past events with no witnesses cannot be subjected to meaningful analysis despite dozens of examples to the contrary, for example that a dinosaur footprint can be analyzed to determine the species of dinosaur. She thinks evidence from the past presents problems that render analysis and interpretation speculative but cannot muster any reasons why this is so, e.g.:
I read Faith's blog post, and her update. I found it kind of amusing that she spent so much time trying to argue that I was wrong, and then proved me right in her update.
My post that she commented on in post 459 of this thread stated . . .
quote:
Of course, you don't observe the hypothesis. You test the hypothesis. Nowhere in the scientific method is there an expiration date on valid observations. A 100 million year old fossil is as valid a piece of evidence as a 1 hour old ELISA plate. Both are repeatable observations, and both can be used to test hypotheses.
I was stressing that the scientific method requires observations to be repeatable, not the hypothesis you are trying to test. In this context, the explanation for what happened in the past is the hypothesis. What mistake did Faith make in her update? The exact mistake I told her she was making.
The Fantasy of Evolution: What I mean by the Unwitnessed Past
quote:
I didn't say you can't do science on the unwitnessed past, all I said was that you can't be sure of your results with one-time unwitnessed past events the way you can with replicable testable phenomena and that all you have in such a case is interpretations and hypotheses, more or less plausibility thereof.
I guess Faith forgot that fossils are replicable and testable phenomena, as are the genomes of living species, the geographic distribution of species, and all of the evidence we have presented her. She once again makes the mistake of requiring the hypothesis to be repeatable which the scientific method never requires.

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Percy
Member
Posts: 22480
From: New Hampshire
Joined: 12-23-2000
Member Rating: 4.8


Message 517 of 614 (736206)
09-05-2014 7:58 AM


Faith responds about "proof"
Faith's latest blog post: Finishing up the "Proof" and Untestable Past discussion
Just thought I'd let people know, I haven't time to compose a reply right now.
--Percy

Replies to this message:
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RAZD
Member (Idle past 1426 days)
Posts: 20714
From: the other end of the sidewalk
Joined: 03-14-2004


Message 518 of 614 (736208)
09-05-2014 8:18 AM
Reply to: Message 517 by Percy
09-05-2014 7:58 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof" -- evidence shows the earth is old, very very old
Until Faith deals with the observable evidence of old age for the earth, and the consilience of evidence from several different fields, she is living with fantasy.
Age Correlations and An Old Earth, Version 2 No 1
These markers of age are easily observed and easily understood. The evidence shows the earth is old, very very old.
Enjoy.

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This message is a reply to:
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Percy
Member
Posts: 22480
From: New Hampshire
Joined: 12-23-2000
Member Rating: 4.8


(1)
Message 519 of 614 (736378)
09-08-2014 10:27 AM
Reply to: Message 517 by Percy
09-05-2014 7:58 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
I have a few moments now, so I'll attempt to respond to Faith's blog post Finishing up the "Proof" and Untestable Past discussion.
Faith writes:
Percy writes:
I think the definition of prove that you're using goes something along these lines: To establish the truth of, as by evidence or argument. Do I have that right?
No, it's a lot simpler than that. All it really means to say you can't prove something is that you don't have the evidence you claim to have.
I think you must have meant to say something else, because this makes no sense. Of course we have the evidence we say we have, so I think you must have meant to say that the evidence we have doesn't lead to the conclusions we claim, especially since your subsequent discussion goes on as if you had said exactly that.
The contents of the rock strata are used as evidence for what past eras were like, what creatures lived then, what the climate was like, and so on, but the very idea that the contents of the strata define a time period is already an interpretation based on the theory that the strata represent time periods that succeed one another over hundreds of millions of years.
This is self-evidently false. Sedimentary layers will always contain evidence from where and when they formed. This is true of both flood geology and actual geology (e.g., a limestone layer could only have formed where and when there was calcium carbonate in the environment) and was established well before we knew how much time each layer actually represents.
But of course if all the strata represent is a layer of sediment filled with dead creatures deposited during the Flood event, all that is nothing but fairy tale.
The evidence doesn't support a single flood as responsible for all the sedimentary layers of the Earth for a number of reasons that you invariably ignore or dismiss, so I shan't waste my time listing them yet again, but will gladly do so upon any indication from you of a willingness to discuss them.
And again it seems important to point out that the very idea that a succession of slabs of rock could represent time periods on the planet is so absurd it takes a massive delusion to maintain the idea. Is time continuing to be represented by such layers?
You participated in an entire thread about this (Growing the Geologic Column) and cannot pretend to be unaware of all the evidence that sedimentary layers are accumulating today just like they did in the past.
Rationalization is always possible with the unwitnessed past where mere conjecture passes for fact. Which is of course what is meant by the untestability of the unwitnessed past,...
You have yet to offer any valid arguments for why prehistoric evidence is untestable. You continue on to repeat your argument that makes no sense:
I'll just note that Dr. A in Message 504 is repeating the typical notion that criminal forensics is the scientific method used with the ancient past, but as I've anaswered many times before, it's not the same thing because it deals entirely within the historical past, effectively the present, where there are many witnesses in the sense I've been using the term, such as access to all kinds of documented information from previous events in the historical past. Whereas in the ancient, prehistoric or unwitnessed past there is no such information forthcoming from those time periods. No witnesses from the prehistoric past, but witnesses galore -- in the sense I've been using the term, which is conveniently forgotten -- in the historic past, which is as good as the Present.
To make clear why this objection makes no sense just take the example of the Laetoli footprints. At a minimum they are evidence that something walked there in the distant past. You've never been able to explain how the absence of any human witnesses changes that.
And do note, please, that you continue to make assertions, recite the creeds of sciencedom as it were, rather than actually summoning any of the supposed evidence you claim is the important thing.
Even just a cursory glance at the Growing the Geologic Column, Continuation of Flood Discussion, and Why the Flood Never Happened threads makes clear that your claim of no evidence is false in the extreme.
--Percy

This message is a reply to:
 Message 517 by Percy, posted 09-05-2014 7:58 AM Percy has replied

Replies to this message:
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Percy
Member
Posts: 22480
From: New Hampshire
Joined: 12-23-2000
Member Rating: 4.8


Message 520 of 614 (736430)
09-10-2014 10:23 AM
Reply to: Message 519 by Percy
09-08-2014 10:27 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
Faith has posted a response to my last post, so I'll reply to it here. Her response appears as an update at the bottom of her Finishing up the "Proof" and Untestable Past discussion blog post, but it's rather long. Search for "update 9/8".
Faith writes:
It isn't evidence if it doesn't lead to the conclusions you claim for it.
This makes no sense, so is this another one of those cases where we're supposed to understand what you really mean? You're saying that if evidence is misread by someone then it isn't really evidence. Say two people have two different interpretations of evidence, and that one of these people is right and the other is wrong. You're making the nonsensical claim that the evidence is actual evidence for the person who is right, but is not evidence for the person who is wrong. And if the person who is wrong should become convinced by the other's arguments and change his mind, then the evidence that wasn't really evidence for him is suddenly evidence.
You remind me of the Red Queen.
The rest of the update provokes equal befuddlement, I have no comment.
--Percy

This message is a reply to:
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Replies to this message:
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Dr Adequate
Member (Idle past 305 days)
Posts: 16113
Joined: 07-20-2006


Message 521 of 614 (736435)
09-10-2014 10:41 AM
Reply to: Message 520 by Percy
09-10-2014 10:23 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
You remind me of the Red Queen.
Do you mean Humpty Dumpty?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 520 by Percy, posted 09-10-2014 10:23 AM Percy has replied

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Percy
Member
Posts: 22480
From: New Hampshire
Joined: 12-23-2000
Member Rating: 4.8


Message 522 of 614 (736436)
09-10-2014 11:01 AM
Reply to: Message 521 by Dr Adequate
09-10-2014 10:41 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
I guess I was thinking of the Red Queen inventing her own rules and offering illogical defenses of nonsense, but Humpty Dumpty creating his own word meanings is also apt.
--Percy

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Taq
Member
Posts: 10034
Joined: 03-06-2009
Member Rating: 5.4


(1)
Message 523 of 614 (736437)
09-10-2014 11:12 AM
Reply to: Message 520 by Percy
09-10-2014 10:23 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
The rest of the update provokes equal befuddlement, I have no comment.
Faith has a massive case of psychological projection. For example:
quote:
In this case, the evidence claimed for events in the distant past is all heavily biased, that is, it's bound to interpretations already determined by your theory.
Faith is talking about herself. She starts with the conclusion that Noah's Ark was really witnessed and that it has to be true. All evidence is filtered through this bias.
In order to create a semblence of equality, she tries to make it look as if everyone else is doing the same. However, all she can ever do is make the accusation and never backs it up with examples of how evidence has been misinterpretted.
quote:
The Dover cliffs didn't form where they are either, but just as the entire British Isles are layered like so much of the rest of the planet, that chalk was layered there along with all the rest of them, it didn't form in place, as none of the layers did, which were all laid down one on top of another and then after they were all in place (which took hundreds of millions of years according to standard theory, but only a year or so on Flood theory) the whole stack was upended by tectonic force, as indicated on those diagrams I posted over there.
She never explains how modern geologists arrived at the interpretation of millions of years, nor did she explain how that interpretation is biased. She just makes the accusation that science is wrong, and the attaches "it makes obvious sense" to her unsupported claims.

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Coyote
Member (Idle past 2127 days)
Posts: 6117
Joined: 01-12-2008


Message 524 of 614 (736446)
09-10-2014 12:18 PM
Reply to: Message 523 by Taq
09-10-2014 11:12 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
It is amusing to hear Faith go on and on about how science should do things, particularly as what she does is the exact opposite of science and is designed to undermine science as much as possible.

Religious belief does not constitute scientific evidence, nor does it convey scientific knowledge.
Belief gets in the way of learning--Robert A. Heinlein
How can I possibly put a new idea into your heads, if I do not first remove your delusions?--Robert A. Heinlein
It's not what we don't know that hurts, it's what we know that ain't so--Will Rogers
If I am entitled to something, someone else is obliged to pay--Jerry Pournelle
If a religion's teachings are true, then it should have nothing to fear from science...--dwise1
"Multiculturalism" does not include the American culture. That is what it is against.

This message is a reply to:
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PaulK
Member
Posts: 17825
Joined: 01-10-2003
Member Rating: 2.2


Message 525 of 614 (736453)
09-10-2014 12:58 PM
Reply to: Message 520 by Percy
09-10-2014 10:23 AM


Re: Faith responds about "proof"
In fairness I think that Faith is simply presenting her point very poorly. Facts are not evidence for a claim if they do not support that claim.
Unfortunately for her she immediately undermines her assertion with the following:
Limestones do not normally build up as layers among layers, they had to have formed elsewhere and been transported and deposited as a layer. Water, of course, makes sedimentary layers; this is demonstrated in deltas and along the coastal margins.
Making up irrational excuses to cling to predetermined conclusions in the face of the evidence only shows that the evidence really does support a quite different conclusion.

This message is a reply to:
 Message 520 by Percy, posted 09-10-2014 10:23 AM Percy has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 527 by Percy, posted 09-11-2014 6:50 AM PaulK has not replied

  
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