Register | Sign In


Understanding through Discussion


EvC Forum active members: 65 (9162 total)
4 online now:
Newest Member: popoi
Post Volume: Total: 915,815 Year: 3,072/9,624 Month: 917/1,588 Week: 100/223 Day: 11/17 Hour: 0/7


Thread  Details

Email This Thread
Newer Topic | Older Topic
  
Author Topic:   Big Bang Found
1.61803
Member (Idle past 1503 days)
Posts: 2928
From: Lone Star State USA
Joined: 02-19-2004


Message 271 of 301 (724585)
04-18-2014 9:57 AM


So a recap on the consensus of the main points?
1. There probably is such a thing as uncaused.
2. The Big Bang and some other quantum phenomenon could be examples of such.
(In the case of nuclear decay the propensity to decay is caused but not the actual decay which just happens for no damn reason.)
3. The universe is determistic, except when it isn't.
Such a interesting thread.

"You were not there for the beginning. You will not be there for the end. Your knowledge of what is going on can only be superficial and relative" William S. Burroughs

Replies to this message:
 Message 272 by NoNukes, posted 04-18-2014 11:06 AM 1.61803 has replied

  
NoNukes
Inactive Member


Message 272 of 301 (724591)
04-18-2014 11:06 AM
Reply to: Message 271 by 1.61803
04-18-2014 9:57 AM


1. There probably is such a thing as uncaused.
I think so, but I don't know if the implications are as significant as this discussion may have suggested. My personal belief is that trying to obtain evidence of the answer to important theological questions at the bottom of a test tube or by peering through a telescope are will always be futile.
During this discussion, I argued for a particular interpretation of quantum mechanics, and no one argued for any alternate interpretation. I myself am woefully under equipped to discuss them, but they did not come up. I'm guessing that some different area of physics than what we are discussing is actually kbertsche's speciality.
In any event my negative comments about kbertche's abilities were unwarranted and unfair. I do believe my error resulted from an attempt to impose a sensible implication on an argument of his that made no sense. But that's no excuse for attributing my fabrication to him.
Here is a link to some discussion. I'll admit that the link follows arguments very similar to my own position, but it does provided mention of places to find critics.
Craig, Kalam, and Quantum Mechanics: Has Craig Defeated the Quantum Mechanics Objection to the Causal Principle? » Internet Infidels
2. 2. The Big Bang and some other quantum phenomenon could be examples of such.
Maybe. Definitely for quantum phenomenon.
3. The universe is determistic, except when it isn't.
I'm not even sure what you mean by this.

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846)
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him. Galileo Galilei
If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. Frederick Douglass

This message is a reply to:
 Message 271 by 1.61803, posted 04-18-2014 9:57 AM 1.61803 has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 273 by 1.61803, posted 04-18-2014 12:24 PM NoNukes has replied

  
1.61803
Member (Idle past 1503 days)
Posts: 2928
From: Lone Star State USA
Joined: 02-19-2004


Message 273 of 301 (724597)
04-18-2014 12:24 PM
Reply to: Message 272 by NoNukes
04-18-2014 11:06 AM


NoNukes writes:
I'm not even sure what you mean by this.
I meant that the universe principally operates deterministically.
However there are elements in the universe that do not. Such as random radioactive decay.

"You were not there for the beginning. You will not be there for the end. Your knowledge of what is going on can only be superficial and relative" William S. Burroughs

This message is a reply to:
 Message 272 by NoNukes, posted 04-18-2014 11:06 AM NoNukes has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 274 by NoNukes, posted 04-18-2014 2:28 PM 1.61803 has not replied

  
NoNukes
Inactive Member


Message 274 of 301 (724604)
04-18-2014 2:28 PM
Reply to: Message 273 by 1.61803
04-18-2014 12:24 PM


I meant that the universe principally operates deterministically
Hmm. As I see it, even deterministic behavior is often an aggregate of a much larger count of microscopic behavior. In one of the episodes of Cosmos, Dr. Tyson talks about the fact that the surfaces of objects are actually made of an aggregate of electric fields all generated by electrons which exist in a probabilistic cloud around their respective atoms/molecules. So even a ball bouncing off of a wall represents the aggregrate of a huge number of non deterministic interactions.
Okay, perhaps that's a bit silly, but is it principally deterministic? Not by count anyway. And is the ball's path completely deterministic such that there is zero probability of it tunneling through the wall instead of bouncing off?

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846)
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him. Galileo Galilei
If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. Frederick Douglass

This message is a reply to:
 Message 273 by 1.61803, posted 04-18-2014 12:24 PM 1.61803 has not replied

  
kbertsche
Member (Idle past 2131 days)
Posts: 1427
From: San Jose, CA, USA
Joined: 05-10-2007


Message 275 of 301 (724711)
04-19-2014 9:47 PM
Reply to: Message 268 by PaulK
04-11-2014 1:24 AM


Causation and nuclear decay
PaulK writes:
I note that you replied to the text of one message, but used the reply button on the other, confusing the threading. I have restored the title.
No, I responded to the text of TWO of your messages using the reply button on ONE of them.
PaulK writes:
kbertsche writes:
Yes, I implied that there is something that causes the probabilities to be what they are.
No. As I said it looked very much as if you were implying an additional cause of the regularities. Simply arguing that the probabilities were determined would have better been done directly - and much better when considering a single atom than looking at the aggregate behaviour of large numbers.
I don't understand your objection. The physics causes the decay probability (hence the half-life and expected life) to be what it is. The decay probability remains a constant, independent of the age of the nucleus, hence gives rise to a probabilistic Poisson distribution.
PaulK writes:
kbertsche writes:
I would agree that the timing of any individual nuclear decay is non-deterministic and is stochastic.
You seem to be trying very hard to avoid the use of "uncaused" even when it is perfectly appropriate. Still, it is good that you agree that I was correct on this point.
As I've argued multiple times, using the term "uncaused" for nuclear decay is misleading and disingenuous. Is emission of a fluorescent photon "uncaused"? Is photon emission from an LED "uncaused"? These and many, many other physical processes rely on the probabilistic decay of an excited state. The exact lifetime of any particular atom/nucleus is finite, stochastic, and non-deterministic. Does this mean that its decay and results are "uncaused"?
PaulK writes:
kbertsche writes:
I don't quite follow what you are saying; can you please expand on your statement?
In trying to claim that the cause of our universe was a personal cause, Craig argues that impersonal causes always act immediately when the relevant conditions are present. THis is clearly not the case with spontaneous nuclear decay since we know that it can only be described probabilistically, with no causal element dictating the timing of the decay.
I'm probably not as familiar with WLC's arguments as you are, and I don't know whether or not you are characterizing him accurately. But as should be obvious to anyone with scientific training, most physical processes are not immediate, but have short, finite (and probabilistic) timing. If nuclear decay is called "uncaused", then to be consistent most other physical processes must also be called "uncaused".
PaulK writes:
kbertsche writes:
2) In both systems, something deeper is fundamentally driving the behavior. For the caller, it is the individual psychology and all external and internal influences on the individual. For the nuclear decay, it is the details and energy levels of the nucleus. Why does tritium decay so much faster than uranium? Why do they decay with different mechanisms? There are deeper causes for these things.
You seem to be missing the point, In the case of classical system there is a deeper causal explanation of the events, in the case of spontaneous nuclear decay the deeper model only affects the probabilities. This is a quite important difference.
What about emission of a fluorescent photon? Emission of a photon from an LED? The molecular and solid state physics "only affects the probabilities" here, too.

"Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind." — Albert Einstein
I am very astonished that the scientific picture of the real world around me is very deficient. It gives us a lot of factual information, puts all of our experience in a magnificently consistent order, but it is ghastly silent about all and sundry that is really near to our heart, that really matters to us. It cannot tell us a word about red and blue, bitter and sweet, physical pain and physical delight; it knows nothing of beautiful and ugly, good or bad, God and eternity. Science sometimes pretends to answer questions in these domains, but the answers are very often so silly that we are not inclined to take them seriously. — Erwin Schroedinger

This message is a reply to:
 Message 268 by PaulK, posted 04-11-2014 1:24 AM PaulK has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 276 by NoNukes, posted 04-20-2014 12:20 AM kbertsche has not replied
 Message 277 by NoNukes, posted 04-22-2014 2:37 AM kbertsche has not replied
 Message 278 by PaulK, posted 04-22-2014 3:57 AM kbertsche has not replied
 Message 279 by NoNukes, posted 04-22-2014 10:00 AM kbertsche has not replied
 Message 280 by New Cat's Eye, posted 04-22-2014 10:07 AM kbertsche has not replied

  
NoNukes
Inactive Member


(1)
Message 276 of 301 (724716)
04-20-2014 12:20 AM
Reply to: Message 275 by kbertsche
04-19-2014 9:47 PM


Re: Causation and nuclear decay
I don't understand your objection. The physics causes the decay probability (hence the half-life and expected life) to be what it is. The decay probability remains a constant, independent of the age of the nucleus, hence gives rise to a probabilistic Poisson distribution.
It's one thing to disagree. It is quite another to simply dismiss an opposing argument. I see a couple of problems with your current question.
1. First it has been asked and answered by three different people. There is a distinction between establishing the probability of an atom decaying and actually kicking out or otherwise allowing the alpha particle out of the nucleus at the time it leaves. Even assuming you don't think the distinction is relevant, it's pretty clear that at least PaulK, Son Goku, and I think it is. At this point it might be interesting to hear your explanation of why it is irrelevant.
2. As Paul has explained twice, the thrust of your original question appeared to be that something there was a 'deeper' explanation for the distribution of large number of particles. I thought that as well. But assuming we were both wrong about your question, you've been told the cause of the objection at least twice by Paul.
Here is your question:
kbertsche writes:
Here are some questions for those of you who still want to maintain that nuclear decay is "uncaused". How can a large collection of these "uncaused" events have extremely predictable, deterministic behavior? What causes this predictable and deterministic behavior, if the system is nothing more than a collection of "uncaused" events?!?
Surely the most controversial implication here in your statement is that uncaused events should not have a predictable deterministic behavior. You certainly have not shown that, and besides that the question has been answered. What we see is exactly what we expect for an uncaused event.
Here is a different answer. You claimed that the decay of particles in a sample having 10^12 nuclei was highly predictable. But is that really correct? Can you tell me within 40% how many U238 decays would occur in such a sample during a 1 week period starting right now? I submit that neither you nor anybody else can do so.
Just as studying the Poison distribution of messages at network node says nothing at all about the cause of any call, neither does the distribution of decays say anything about the cause of a decay. So your question just does not advance your argument. Admittedly it does not settle the argument against you.
What about emission of a fluorescent photon? Emission of a photon from an LED? The molecular and solid state physics "only affects the probabilities" here, too.
You do understand that an electron in an excited state can just stay that way, right? There is no difference between this example and a decaying nucleus.
Son Goku inspired the following thought experiment. What causes an excited Hydrogen atom to produce a Balmer line? What is the reason for an excited H atom to transition to a n=2 state rather than a n=1 state? There is no cause. Nothing about the manner of creation, the fact of creation, or the application of the excitement generates a Balmer line.
And then there is Dr. Adequate's point. If you climb to the top of a flight of stairs and the fall over a railing. Would you say that your cause for being at the bottom was your climb to the top, or the fact that you were pushed. Well excited atoms don't get a push. And neither does an alpha particle leaving a U238 nucleus.
Edited by NoNukes, : No reason given.

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846)
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him. Galileo Galilei
If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. Frederick Douglass

This message is a reply to:
 Message 275 by kbertsche, posted 04-19-2014 9:47 PM kbertsche has not replied

  
NoNukes
Inactive Member


Message 277 of 301 (724886)
04-22-2014 2:37 AM
Reply to: Message 275 by kbertsche
04-19-2014 9:47 PM


Re: Causation and nuclear decay
) In both systems, something deeper is fundamentally driving the behavior. For the caller, it is the individual psychology and all external and internal influences on the individual. For the nuclear decay, it is the details and energy levels of the nucleus. Why does tritium decay so much faster than uranium?
Here you are writing so fast that you've skipped over the point.
In the case of the caller, an individual impetus spurs a call, and the aggregate behavior is a random distribution. In the case of the nucleus, we just do not have an equivalent for a man falling and breaking his leg and his wife reacting by calling in an emergency.
Tritium decays more rapidly than u238 because the probabilities are different and not because some impetus to kick particles out of the nucleus exists and happens more often for tritium. Only the probabilities are tied to the structure. You are asking only about a question on which we agree.
Looking at another example, a coin flip is random only because we cannot accurately know all of the variables, but the fall is determined by how it is thrown. If the coin were in thrown the same way, then it would always land the same way. But not so a decay. There is nothing structurally different between an atom that ends up decaying in five minutes, and one that fails to decay in 5 billion years.
Plenty has been written on this subject. Why not take a peak at what others have to say about it.
Edited by NoNukes, : No reason given.

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846)
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him. Galileo Galilei
If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. Frederick Douglass

This message is a reply to:
 Message 275 by kbertsche, posted 04-19-2014 9:47 PM kbertsche has not replied

  
PaulK
Member
Posts: 17822
Joined: 01-10-2003
Member Rating: 2.2


Message 278 of 301 (724887)
04-22-2014 3:57 AM
Reply to: Message 275 by kbertsche
04-19-2014 9:47 PM


Re: Causation and nuclear decay
quote:
No, I responded to the text of TWO of your messages using the reply button on ONE of them.
The one explicitly labelled as a side point in the title. That's pretty obviously the wrong thing to do if you're answering the main thread of discussion.
quote:
I don't understand your objection.
Your statement did not imply that the probabilities were determined by physics, rather it implied that there was something more than probability affecting the aggregate results.
quote:
The exact lifetime of any particular atom/nucleus is finite, stochastic, and non-deterministic. Does this mean that its decay and results are "uncaused"?
This is evasion. The point being made is that the timing of the decay is uncaused. Do you disagree with that ?
quote:
I'm probably not as familiar with WLC's arguments as you are, and I don't know whether or not you are characterizing him accurately. But as should be obvious to anyone with scientific training, most physical processes are not immediate, but have short, finite (and probabilistic) timing. If nuclear decay is called "uncaused", then to be consistent most other physical processes must also be called "uncaused".
Defending arguments that you don't understand is probably a big mistake. Especially when you aren't even aware of the most important part of them.
quote:
What about emission of a fluorescent photon? Emission of a photon from an LED? The molecular and solid state physics "only affects the probabilities" here, too.
Is this relevant ? If so, why ?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 275 by kbertsche, posted 04-19-2014 9:47 PM kbertsche has not replied

  
NoNukes
Inactive Member


Message 279 of 301 (724906)
04-22-2014 10:00 AM
Reply to: Message 275 by kbertsche
04-19-2014 9:47 PM


Re: Causation and nuclear decay
But as should be obvious to anyone with scientific training, most physical processes are not immediate, but have short, finite (and probabilistic) timing.
So if we disagree with you we are untrained? Not a persuasive argument. Nor is simply calling a statement obvious even without the gratuitous slam.
And your statement is incorrect. Most physical processes are immediate in the sense we are denying is the case for quantum processes. For macroscopic processes on systems, the delays that we might notice are periods when the states of systems are still changing as a direct result of the initial, and prior cause. That is, there is a complete trail between an action and an immediate consequence. When a wake up alarm clock goes off, it is not that there is no connection between the setting of the alarm and the sounding of the alarm. Instead there are a chain of state changes within the timer that connect the final sounding to the setting of the alarm. A counter changes state under impetus of a clock and counts down the time to alarming. The clock is driven by an oscillator that generates a waveform with voltage thresholds that change the clock state. So we can say that final alarming does have a cause in the sense you are claiming we cannot say such a thing.
Not so for nuclear decay. You and I seem to agree that there is no link of changed states between the creation of nuclei and the emitting of a particle therefrom. Instead the atom seems to be unchained immediately prior to emitting the particle. At this point I am finding it difficult to appreciate that you don't even see a distinction.
Why don't you provide some examples or indication of what you mean by 'most processes'? Maybe that will provide insight into your position.
Edited by NoNukes, : No reason given.

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846)
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him. Galileo Galilei
If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. Frederick Douglass

This message is a reply to:
 Message 275 by kbertsche, posted 04-19-2014 9:47 PM kbertsche has not replied

  
New Cat's Eye
Inactive Member


Message 280 of 301 (724908)
04-22-2014 10:07 AM
Reply to: Message 275 by kbertsche
04-19-2014 9:47 PM


Re: Causation and nuclear decay
NoNukes hit the nail on the head:
quote:
Kbersche's position is more of a semantic argument whose point is merely to establish that there are no exceptions to premise 1 of the Kalam cosmological argument.
He's right, isn't he?

This message is a reply to:
 Message 275 by kbertsche, posted 04-19-2014 9:47 PM kbertsche has not replied

  
Blue
Inactive Member


Message 281 of 301 (726047)
05-06-2014 12:20 AM
Reply to: Message 1 by Tangle
03-18-2014 9:21 AM


Tremors of the big bang?
"Scientists working with the BICEP2 telescope have claimed to discover the first direct evidence of cosmic inflation, a process of radical expansion believed to have occurred after the theoretical Big Bang explosion. Based on data from the cosmic microwave background the team also claims to have confirmed the existence of gravitational waves "squeezing" intergalactic space. Physicist Wal Thornhill responds to these extravagant claims."
Tremors of the big bang?

Sincerely
Blue

This message is a reply to:
 Message 1 by Tangle, posted 03-18-2014 9:21 AM Tangle has not replied

  
Blue
Inactive Member


Message 282 of 301 (726048)
05-06-2014 12:27 AM
Reply to: Message 8 by Diomedes
03-19-2014 9:17 AM


Pierre-Marie Robitaille: The Cosmic Microwave Background | EU2014
"Ever since Penzias and Wilson discovered that the Earth was surrounded by microwave energy, astronomers have been quick to postulate that the apparent ~3K signal represented the signature of the Big Bang. Yet long ago, Gustav Kirchhoff insisted that the setting of temperatures, using the laws of thermal emission, required enclosure. Clearly, the Big Bang can never meet this requirement. In this presentation, it will be demonstrated that the microwave fields, which surround the earth and have excited distant molecules, can be generated by the hydrogen bond within water in the condensed state. A review of the COBE and WMAP will be presented, revealing that the microwave anisotropy maps have no scientific validity. The data lack both signal to noise and reproducibility. Furthermore, the PLANCK satellite findings will be discussed. These data provide unambiguous evidence that powerful microwave fields do not exist at L2. Penzias and Wilson measured water on Earth. The correct assignment of this signal is vital to better understanding our own planet.
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, PhD is a Professor of Radiology at The Ohio State University, with a joint appointment in Chemical Physics. He initially trained as a spectroscopist and has wide ranging knowledge of instrumentation in the radio and microwave bands. A recognized expert in image acquisition and analysis, Professor Robitaille was responsible for doubling the world record in Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 1998. In 2000, he turned his attention to thermodynamics and astrophysics, demonstrating that the universality advanced in Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Emission is invalid. He has published extensively on the microwave background, highlighting that this signal arises from water on the Earth and has no relationship to cosmology and has recently published a paper on the Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Solar Model (LMHSM)."
Pierre-Marie Robitaille: The Cosmic Microwave Background | EU2014

Sincerely
Blue

This message is a reply to:
 Message 8 by Diomedes, posted 03-19-2014 9:17 AM Diomedes has not replied

  
NoNukes
Inactive Member


Message 283 of 301 (726993)
05-14-2014 12:22 PM


"Blockbuster Big Bang Result May Fizzle, Rumor Suggests"
Perhaps claims that the Big Bang have been found are premature...
Science | AAAS
quote:
. And now a potential problem with the BICEP analysis has emerged, says Adam Falkowski, a theoretical particle physicist at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Orsay in France...
To subtract the galactic foreground, BICEP researchers relied on a particular map of it generated by the European Space Agency's spacecraft Planck, which mapped the CMB across the entire sky from 2009 until last year. However, the BICEP team apparently interpreted the map as showing only the galactic emissions. In reality, it may also contain the largely unpolarized hazy glow from other galaxies, which has the effect of making the galactic microwaves coming from any particular point of the sky look less thoroughly polarized than they actually are. So using the map to strip out the galactic foreground may actually leave some of that foreground in the data where it could produce a spurious signal, Falkowski explains. "Apparently, there is something that needs to be corrected, so at this point the BICEP result cannot be taken at face value," he tells Science.
Stay tuned

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846)
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him. Galileo Galilei
If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. Frederick Douglass

Replies to this message:
 Message 284 by AZPaul3, posted 05-14-2014 9:46 PM NoNukes has replied

  
AZPaul3
Member
Posts: 8513
From: Phoenix
Joined: 11-06-2006
Member Rating: 5.3


(1)
Message 284 of 301 (727032)
05-14-2014 9:46 PM
Reply to: Message 283 by NoNukes
05-14-2014 12:22 PM


Say what?
I'm having a bit of a problem with this explanation. If I understand what is being said, BICEP2 used the EU/Planck map data to subtract out the galactic foreground signals.
But Dr. Falkowski says that data not only contained the galactic foreground but also contained unpolarized signals from other galaxies. In essence saying that the BICEP2 team stripped out more than just the galactic foreground? If I understand what was needed to get to the base CMB that extra-galactic stuff needed to come out anyway. Is he saying BICEP compensated for one but not the other?
Then this appears: "So using the map to strip out the galactic foreground may actually leave some of that foreground in the data where it could produce a spurious signal," Falkowski explains. Say what?
I am missing something. If the Planck data contained not just galactic foreground but also extra-galactic stuff then stripping out that data would more than strip out the galactic foreground, yes? No? Is he trying to say BICEP had its head up its ass and didn't know what they were looking at or is he the one who's cranium is in sphincter defilade?
Did the universe just take a hard turn and I just didn't get the memo ... again? Could this be one of those "I are a scientifical reporter" thing? Could someone interpret for me, please. My french am none so good.
Edited by AZPaul3, : tipoh

This message is a reply to:
 Message 283 by NoNukes, posted 05-14-2014 12:22 PM NoNukes has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 285 by NoNukes, posted 05-15-2014 10:23 AM AZPaul3 has replied

  
NoNukes
Inactive Member


Message 285 of 301 (727069)
05-15-2014 10:23 AM
Reply to: Message 284 by AZPaul3
05-14-2014 9:46 PM


Re: Say what?
Then this appears: "So using the map to strip out the galactic foreground may actually leave some of that foreground in the data where it could produce a spurious signal," Falkowski explains. Say what?
I take this to mean that a technique akin to noise cancellation was used, but the noise signal used for cancellation had data in it. The result would be data related artifacts in the processed signal.
Is he trying to say BICEP had its head up its ass and didn't know
No. What he seems to be saying at most is that BICEP released data prematurely and that BICEPs own analysis which is not yet complete may confirm that. I thought the article was fairly balanced about what the possibilities are.

Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in prison. Thoreau: Civil Disobedience (1846)
I have never met a man so ignorant that I couldn't learn something from him. Galileo Galilei
If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favor freedom, and deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. Frederick Douglass

This message is a reply to:
 Message 284 by AZPaul3, posted 05-14-2014 9:46 PM AZPaul3 has replied

Replies to this message:
 Message 286 by AZPaul3, posted 05-15-2014 6:43 PM NoNukes has seen this message but not replied

  
Newer Topic | Older Topic
Jump to:


Copyright 2001-2023 by EvC Forum, All Rights Reserved

™ Version 4.2
Innovative software from Qwixotic © 2024