Yrreg writes:Is there empirical evidence for dark matter and dark energy?
Yes.
Yrreg writes:This thread is intended to determine with precision what if any is the empirical evidence ascertaining the existence of dark matter and dark energy.
The question of whether they exist is different from the question of whether there is evidence.
For
dark matter: Scientists observe rotational motion in galaxies. From the rotation, and our science of gravitation, they can compute how much mass there must be in galaxy to account for that rotation. It turns out that there needs to be a lot more mass than is observed. So the unobserved mass, detected by the gravitational evidence, is called "dark matter."
There is, of course, a possibility that there is something wrong with our understanding of gravitation. In that case, perhaps there isn't any dark matter, but instead there is another mystery. So the existence of dark matter isn't at the point where it can be considered a certainty, but it is thus far the best explanation of the evidence. And, of course, it is a research area to find out more about what is happening.
For dark energy, the issue is the observations related to the expansion of the cosmos. "Dark energy" refers to the energy that would be required to cause that expansion. Again, there is a possibility that there is a problem elsewhere in our understanding, so it isn't a certainty that dark energy exists. And, again, it is a research area to identify the dark energy or to identify what else is going on.
It is a certainty that there is evidence. It is not quite so certain what the evidence means, so further research is going on.