So lets consider some of the evidence. Let's ignore precise dating to consider if Pompeii was destoryed in the Roman period of the 17th Century.
Pliny the Younger wrote of a major eruption of Vesuivius which caused signfiicant loss of life in the area.
Cassius Dio wrote of the destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum (even if we assume that the reference is a 16th Century forgery - by your own words it can be no later - why would the author write of the destruction of Pompeii if it was still many decades in the future ?)
Marcus Aurelius named Pompeii and Herculaneum as cities that had been destroyed (Meditations IV 48).
The archaeology of Pompeii is Roman - Roman style buildings, Latin graffiti, Roman material culture.
Which of these facts do you dispute ? How do you explain them if Pompeii was destroyed in the 17th Century ? Is it not more likely that you have misunderstood the monument ?