It would seem to me that the first requirement for a culture rich in both science and art is a culture that doesn't need everyone producing food in order to live.
But no culture ever had
everyone producing food. Many worked with the fur, making clothing to keep warm. Many crafted tools, weapons, things to carry water in, hats for the sun, shoes, etc., and this wasn't only women. Having trades men/women was common for most early cultures.
Now a days making a hat, a vase, crafting metal, designing clothes, is considered a form of art. But that is a modern label. For early man, the people who made these items were as vital to the community as the people who gathered food or hunted for it.
Even early forms of drawing I would imagine were quite necessary for survival.
I also believe that art came before science, way before, and it wasn't always "art"; that's just what we call it now.
Then again, and here's the real question that no one has asked yet and would prevent this thread to procede further.........
What is art?
- Oni